【摘要】 利用2007—2016年酸雨和同期气象资料及气溶胶数据,对洞庭湖滨湖酸雨特征及气象条件的关系进行分析,结果发现:2007—2016年年降水pH值为4.03～4.70,且呈显著增加的趋势,酸雨的强度明显减弱。降水的酸性强度显著减弱主要表现在春季和秋季降水。3月、10月酸雨最强,6月、7月最轻。酸雨出现频率为84%,其中弱酸雨、强酸雨、特强酸雨出现频率分别为40%、25%、19%。酸雨频率变化不显著,但弱酸雨频率显著增加而特强酸雨频率显著减少。酸雨的强度不随降水量级的变化而变化。随着降水持续天数的增加,降水的酸性强度明显加强。水样温度升高,降水的酸性强度明显减弱。风速越大,降水的酸性强度越强。风向频率较大的偏北风降水的酸性强度较强,而风向频率较小的偏南风降水的酸性强度较弱。大气气溶胶对降水的酸性强度有明显的增强作用。城市工业布局、大气污染物输送方向均与酸雨观测日主导风向一致,导致降水的酸性强度加强。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on the acid rain data, meteorological data and aerosol data at Dongting lakeside from 2007 to 2016, characteristics of acid rain and its relationship with meteorological conditions are analyzed. The results showed that the pH of precipitation during 2007—2016 was 4.03—4.70, and there was a significant increase in the trend, so the intensity of acid rain weakened. Acid rain weakened significantly in the spring and fall. Acid rain was the worst in March and October, the lightest in June and July. The occurrence frequency of acid rain was 84%, while occurrence frequency of weak acid rain, strong acid rain and super strong acid rain was 40%, 25% and 19% respectively. The frequency variation of acid rain was not significant but the frequency of weak acid rain has increased significantly, while the frequency of strong acid rain has decreased significantly. The intensity of acid rain did not vary with precipitation levels. As the number of precipitation days increased, acid rain intensity obviously increased. As the water temperature rose, acid rain intensity weakened significantly. The more severe the wind, the greater the acid rain intensity was. Acid rain intensity was greater with north wind of higher wind direction frequency, and weaker with south wind of lower wind direction frequency. The atmospherical aerosols had a significant increasing effect on acid rain. The direction of urban industrial layout and air pollutant transport direction was consistent with the leading wind direction on acid rain observational day, which led to the increasing of acid rain intensity.更多还原