【摘要】 经典弹性回跳模型是历史上最有影响的地震模型之一,热力学弹性回跳模型对经典弹性回跳模型进行了合理的补充。根据存在着震前超低频应力—密度波和临震微破裂波的设想,进一步补充了热力学弹性回跳模型,新模型或可称为"微破裂弹性回跳模型"。这个模型与很多实测结果符合得很好。因为大多数地震都要经历应变累积、微破裂和主破裂三个阶段,所以,一次地震一般都会先后出现三种不同类型的波,即:超低频应力—密度波(应变波)、微破裂波以及普通地震波。这一认识对深入理解地震现象以及对地震的监测和预警都是有意义的。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on a sample of some real earthquakes,we have suggested in previous papers that there exists a densitytectonic stress wave with ultra-low frequency which is emitted from the piceneterre-gion for months before earthquakes,and a micro-fracture wave for 1～10 days before earthquakes.The former has been observed by different kinds of measurements,and the later has been observed by a few chance observations which consist of electromagnetic,gravitational,and sonicfluctuations.We show real observational results that depict the two waves,and they have very different frequencies,which are not difficult to discriminate.The classical elastic-rebound model is one of the most influential theories on earthquakes,and the thermodynamic elastic-rebound model has amended the classical framework.Considering the two waves above,we try to further modify the elastic-rebound model,and the new framework could be called the microfracture elastic-rebound model.We infer that tectonic earthquakes could have three special phases:the accumulation of tectonic stress,the micro-fracture,and the main-fracture. Accordingly,there would be three waves which come from the epicenter of a tectonic earthquake, i.e.,the tectonic stress wave with ultra-low frequency a few months before the earthquake,the micro-fracture wave about 1～10 days before the earthquake,and the main-fracture wave (common earthquake wave).This cognition is significant to deeply understand seismic phenomena and monitor earthquakes.更多还原