【摘要】 以中俄跨界河流额尔古纳河的上游支流海拉尔河为研究对象,对其6个监测点2005—2015年主要水质指标进行分析,研究其水质污染时空变化特征。结果表明:海拉尔河干流水体主要污染指标为COD_Mn、COD_Cr和TN,水体氨氮总体处于GB3838—2002《地表水环境质量标准》Ⅲ类水质,满足水体功能要求; 2005—2015年海拉尔河干流与支流水质整体呈改善趋势,其中2005—2009年水质改善幅度最大; 2005—2015年干流4个监测点COD_Mn均呈改善趋势,COD_Cr在下游陶海、嵯岗监测点呈改善趋势,但4个监测点COD_Cr在2010年、2013年均有所回升;海拉尔河干流CODMn和COD_Cr年内变化显著,3—5月污染显著加重,整体来讲干流较支流污染严重,干流下游较上游污染严重,干流下游陶海监测点污染最严重。海拉尔河水质变化受气象、水文和人为活动的共同影响,2005年启动的环保专项整治对海拉尔河水质改善起到较大作用,但2010年、2013年的异常气候条件对干流水质产生不利影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 Taking the Hailaer River, the upstream tributary of the Erguna River between China and Russia, as the research object, the main water quality indexes of 6 monitoring sites from 2005 to 2015 were analyzed to study the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of water pollution. The results indicated that COD_Mn, COD_Cr and TN were the main pollution indexes of the mainstream of the Hailaer River, and the ammonia nitrogen basically met the Class Ⅲ requirement of Surface Water Environmental Quality Standards（ GB 3838-2002）. The overall water quality of the main and tributaries of the Hailaer River showed an improvement trend from 2005 to 2015 and a significant improvement occurred from 2005 to 2009. COD_Mn showed a decreasing trend in the four monitoring sites of Hailaer mainstream and COD_Cr showed a decreasing trend in the Taohai and Cuogang sites of Hailaer downstream, while COD_Cr of the four monitoring sites increased in 2010 and 2013. COD_Mn and COD_Cr of the mainstream of the Hailaer River changed significantly within a year, and the pollution was significantly aggravated from March to May every year. In addition, the mainstream was more seriously polluted than the tributaries, the downstream of the mainstream was more seriously polluted than the upstream, and the downstream Taohai monitoring site was the most polluted. The water quality in the Hailaer River was influenced by local meteorology, hydrology and human activities. The special environmental protection programme initiated in 2005 played beneficial effects on the water quality, while the abnormal climate in the years of 2010 and 2013 showed adverse influences on the mainstream water quality.更多还原