【摘要】 生物滞留设施是城市面源污染控制的有效措施之一。综合分析了生物滞留设施的结构、水文效应、污染物的去除机理及其影响因素。生物滞留设施能有效控制雨水径流量,削减径流峰值,降低径流中总悬浮固体（TSS）、颗粒物、重金属、有机污染物和致病菌等浓度,但对硝酸盐氮（NO₃^--N）和溶解态磷（DP）的去除不稳定。生物滞留设施主要通过沉淀、过滤、吸附、离子交换、植物吸收和生物降解等作用去除污染物。影响污染物去除及径流量削减的因素包括植物种类、填料组成、深度与渗透系数、碳源。较长的雨前干燥期会导致NO₃^--N浓度增加,厌氧区的设置可以降低NO₃^--N浓度。生物滞留设施结构设计和运行维护还有待进一步研究和优化。更多还原

【Abstract】 Bioretention is one of the effective measures to control urban non-point source pollutions.A synthetic analysis of its structure,hydrologic effects,purification mechanisms and influence factors was presented.Bioretention can mitigate the stormwater and peak flow volume.It can effectively reduce the concentration of total suspended solids,particulate matter,heavy metals,organic pollutants and pathogens in stormwater runoff,but the removal of nitrate nitrogen and dissolved phosphorus is not stable.Bioretention facilities remove pollutants mainly through precipitation,filtration,adsorption,ion exchange,plant absorption and biodegradation.The removal of pollutants and reduction of stormwater volume are influenced by plant species,filler composition,depth,hydraulic conductivity and carbon addition.A long drying period will increase the nitrate concentration and setting internal water storage can reduce nitrate concentration.The structural design,operation and maintenance need to be further studied and optimized.更多还原