【摘要】 为了解石河子市住宅中邻苯二甲酸酯（Phthalates,PAEs）的污染特征及PAEs对婴幼儿产生的健康风险.本研究对石河子市采暖季和非采暖季50户住宅降尘中的7种PAEs物质进行检测,利用蒙特卡洛（Monte Carlo）模拟和生理提取实验（PBET）评估了PAEs暴露对0～3岁婴幼儿产生的生殖和癌症风险.结果表明:①不同时期石河子市卧室和客厅降尘中邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯（diisobutyl phthalate,DIBP）、邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯（Dibutyl phthalate,DBP）和邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基）己酯[Bis（2-ethylhexyl）phthalate,DEHP]均为室内PAEs的主要组成物质,占总PAEs的99.5%以上,其中DEHP为首要PAEs物质(浓度中位数值为361～462μg·g^-1),DBP次之(浓度中位数值为94.9～166μg·g^-1);②除DIBP外,采暖季卧室和客厅降尘中各PAEs的浓度均高于非采暖季,且差异具有统计学显著性（p<0.05）,此趋势对小分子质量的邻苯二甲酸二甲酯（Dimethyl phthalate,DMP）和邻苯二甲酸二乙酯（Diethyl phthalate,DEP）而言更明显,DMP采暖季浓度中位数值:0.36～0.42μg·g^-1>非采暖季:nd,DEP采暖季:0.65～0.71μg·g^-1>非采暖季:nd～0.03μg·g^-1;③利用风险指数（HQ）进行健康风险评估表明,采暖季和非采暖季DBP暴露可能会对0～3岁婴幼儿产生较大的生殖风险(HQ_DBP =2.62～5.79);DEHP暴露可能会对0～2岁婴幼儿产生较大的癌症风险(HQ_DEHP=3.51～5.22).当考虑生物可及性后,仍有8%～37%的婴幼儿可能存在生殖风险,几乎所有婴幼儿无癌症风险.更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to understand the characteristics of phthalates（PAEs） indoor concentrations and the associated health risks to infants and children during heating and non-heating seasons in the City of Shihezi, China, this study investigated the concentrations of seven PAEs in dust samples collected from 50 families during the heating and non-heating periods. Monte Carlo simulation and physiological based extraction test（PBET） were used to assess the risk of reproduction and cancer. The results show that Diisobutyl phthalate（DIBP）, dibutyl phthalate（DBP） and di（2-ethyl） phthalate（DEHP） were the major phthalates during both heating and non-heating periods, together accounting for more than 99.5% of PAEs. DEHP was the primary phthalate(median=361～462 μg·g^-1), followed by DBP(median=94.9～166 μg·g^-1). Except for DIBP, the concentrations of other six PAEs in the bedrooms and living rooms during the heating period were statistically higher than these during the non-heating period（p<0.05）. This trend appears even more obvious for the compounds with lower molecule weight, such as dimethyl phthalate（DMP） and diethyl phthalate（DEP）. DMP concentration during the heating period varied from 0.36 μg·g^-1 to 0.42 μg·g^-1 while under the detection limit during the non-heating period. Similarly, DEP concentration during the heating period varied between 0.65 μg·g^-1 and 0.71 μg·g^-1 while it was generally less than 0.03 μg·g^-1 during the non-heating period. Health risk assessment by hazard quotient（HQ） indicated that during both heating and non-heating periods, DBP exposure may cause reproductive risk to the age group of 0～3 years old(HQ_DBP=2.62～5.79); DEHP exposure may cause greater cancer risk to the age group of 0～2 years old(HQ_DEHP=3.51～5.22). After considering the bioavailability of PAEs in dust, 8% to 37% of infants and children may still face the reproductive risk, and almost all infants and children don′t face the cancer risk.更多还原