【摘要】 选取山西省汾河沿岸71个代表性农田土壤,采用液相色谱-质谱联用法（LC-MS/MS）分析了4种喹诺酮类抗生素（quinolones,QLs）的残留水平和空间分布特征,探究影响抗生素残留的环境因子,并评估QLs残留的生态风险.结果表明:①汾河沿岸农田土壤中QLs检出情况为:诺氟沙星（norfloxacin,NFC）、环丙沙星（ciprofloxacin,CFC）、恩氟沙星（enrofloxacin,EFC）检出率为100%,氧氟沙星（ofloxacin,OFC）检出率为98.6%,QLs分布广泛.土壤样品中QLs组成以NFC为主,平均检出浓度为2.54μg·kg^-1,其次为CFC和OFC,平均检出浓度分别为0.54μg·kg^-1和0.36μg·kg^-1.②空间分布特征分析表明,上中游QLs检出情况相似,均表现为EFC <OFC <CFC <NFC,下游表现为EFC <CFC <OFC <NFC.汾河中游沿岸农田土壤抗生素浓度最高,太原市清徐县4种QLs平均残留浓度为沿河县市最高,为19.67μg·kg^-1,灵石县次之,为15.21μg·kg^-1,应引起重视.③冗余分析表明,QLs含量与pH呈负相关;NFC、CFC和EFC与有机质含量无明显相关关系,OFC与有机质含量呈正相关,这可能与OFC中氧与有机质中极性官能团发生氢键作用有关;NFC、CFC和EFC与阳离子交换量（CEC）呈正相关,而OFC无明显相关,可能与弱极性环氧醚的弱作用力有关;NFC、OFC含量与土壤砂粒含量呈正相关.④汾河沿岸农田土壤中QLs生态风险较低,其中NFC、OFC和CFC呈中低度风险,EFC全部表现为低风险.本研究旨在为汾河沿岸QLs污染控制与农产品安全监督提供科学依据.更多还原

【Abstract】 Seventy-one representative samples of farmland soil were collected along the Fenhe River in Shanxi, to understand the residue characteristics of four kinds of quinolones, analyze the effect from environmental factors on residual antibiotics, and evaluate the ecological risk. The results revealed that: ①QLs distributed widely along the Fenhe River. Enrofloxacin（EFC）, ciprofloxacin（CFC） and norfloxacin（NFC） were detected in all samples, and the detection rate of ofloxacin（OFC） was 98.6%. The concentration of NFC was the highest(2.54 μg·kg^-1), followed by OFC and CFC, whose average concentrations were 0.36 μg·kg^-1 and 0.54 μg·kg^-1, respectively. ②The spatial distribution characteristics of the upstream and midstream showed as EFC < OFC < CFC < NFC, while that in the downstream has converted to EFC < CFC < OFC < NFC. The antibiotic had relatively high concentrations in soil along the midstream of the Fenhe River. The antibiotic concentration in Qingxu County was the highest(19.67 μg·kg^-1), followed by Lingshi County(15.21 μg·kg^-1), which should be taken into consideration seriously. ③QLs were negatively correlated with pH. NFC, CFC and EFC were poorly correlated with organic matter content, while OFC was positively correlated, which might be related to the hydrogen bond between oxygen and polar functional groups of organic matter. NFC, CFC and EFC were positively correlated with the cation exchange capacity（CEC）, while OFC was absent correlated, which might be related to the weak force of weakly polar epoxy ether. NFC and OFC were positively correlated with the soil sand content. ④The ecological risks of QLs were rlatively low, among which NFC, OFC and CFC presented moderate and low risks, while EFC presented low risk. This study aims to provide scientific basis for QLs pollution control and agricultural product safety supervision along the Fenhe River.更多还原