【摘要】 以河套灌区盐化潮土为研究对象,采用静态暗箱-气相色谱法和通气法研究了4个施肥处理（不施肥（CK）、传统施肥（CON）、优化处理1（OPT1,减氮53.3%）、优化处理2（OPT2,减氮53.3%+硝化抑制剂））对河套灌区玉米农田氧化亚氮（N₂O-N）排放、氨挥发（NH₃-N）损失和玉米产量的影响.结果表明:氮肥减量显著降低了土壤N₂O-N排放和NH₃-N挥发;相比于CON处理,OPT1处理的N₂O-N排放量和NH₃-N挥发量分别降低了45.2%和68.8%（p<0.05）,但N₂O-N损失氮素比率增加了9.7%（p<0.05）.施用硝化抑制剂可显著降低土壤N₂O-N排放,与OPT1处理相比,OPT2处理可降低34.6%（p<0.05）的N₂O-N排放和41.5%（p<0.05）的N₂O-N损失氮素比率,但NH₃-N挥发增加了47.5%（p<0.05）.OPT1处理显著降低了玉米产量,降幅达22.1%（p<0.05）,而OPT2处理相对于OPT1处理增产32.9%（p<0.05）,与传统施肥处理无差异.因此,综合N₂O-N排放、NH₃-N挥发及玉米产量可知,OPT2是较为合理的施肥措施,值得在河套灌区推广.更多还原

【Abstract】 A field study was conducted to investigate the effect of optimization of the nitrogen fertilizer management on nitrous oxide（N₂O-N） emission and ammonia volatilization（NH₃-N） from maize fields in the Hetao irrigation area. Seasonal variations of N₂O-N flux and NH₃-N volatization were monitored using static chamber-gas chromatography method and aeration method, respectively. Four treatments, i.e. non-fertilizer（CK）, conventional fertilization（CON）, optimized treatment 1（OPT1, reducing the nitrogen fertilization rate by 53.3%）, optimized treatment 2（OPT2, OPT1 plus the use of nitrification inhibitor）, were tested in the experiment. The results showed that reducing nitrogen fertilizer significantly reduced N₂O-N emission and NH₃-N volatization. Compared to treatment CON, treatment OPT1 reduced N₂O-N emission and NH₃-N volatization by 45.2% and 68.8%（p<0.05）, respectively, while increasing the amount of applied N lost as N₂O-N by 9.7%（p<0.05）. The use of nitrification inhibitor significantly reduced N₂O-N emission and the amount of applied N lost as N₂O-N by 34.6%（p<0.05） and 41.5%（p<0.05）, respectively, in comparison with Treatment OPT1, but its NH₃-N volatization was 47.5%（p<0.05） higher than that of treatment OPT1. Compared to treatment CON, treatment OPT1 reduced maize yield by 22.1%（p<0.05）, treatment OPT2 increased yield by 32.9%（p<0.05） compared to treatment OPT1（p<0.05） and there is no difference in maize yield between treatment OPT2 and treatment CON. Therefore, based on comprehensive consideration of N₂O-N emission, NH₃ volatilization and maize yield, combination of reduction of nitrogen fertilization rate and the use of nitrification maybe is a reasonable field management practice in Hetao irrigation area.更多还原