【摘要】 作为我国大气污染治理重点区域汾渭平原的重点城市,西安正处于城市建设迅速发展阶段,建筑扬尘排放量大,极大地影响了西安的空气质量.本研究基于西安市建筑和市政施工工程的调查资料,结合两套由不同机构测量的我国北方典型城市排放因子,估算获得了西安市2017年建筑施工扬尘PM₁₀、PM_2.5的排放量及排放强度,构建了西安市区县级别建筑扬尘排放颗粒物清单,并分析其空间分布特征.结果表明:①引用中国环境科学研究院依据建筑扬尘产生类型测定的排放因子,估算获得2017年西安市建筑施工扬尘PM₁₀、PM_2.5排放总量分别为6.8×10⁴、1.4×10⁴ t,其中,作业施工扬尘排放量占总排放量的74%,风蚀扬尘占26%;②引用北京市环境保护科学研究院构建的建筑扬尘季节性排放因子,估算西安市建筑施工扬尘PM₁₀、PM_2.5排放总量分别为10.8×10⁴、2.2×10⁴ t,建筑扬尘排放量存在着明显的季节差异,夏季、秋季、冬季的扬尘排放量明显低于春季,但冬季略高于夏季、秋季;③综合两套排放计算结果表明,估算的建筑扬尘排放量存在50%的差异,西安2017年建筑扬尘PM₁₀排放量约为6.8×10⁴～10.8×10⁴ t,PM_2.5排放量约为1.4×10⁴～2.2×10⁴ t;④空间分布上,主城区建筑施工扬尘排放量大,约占总排放量的72%;主城区建筑施工扬尘排放强度高,约为郊区县的29倍.更多还原

【Abstract】 As a major city in the key area "Fen-Wei Plain" for air pollution control in China, Xi′an is under rapid development of urban construction. The dust emission of construction is large, which greatly affects the air quality of Xi′an. Based on an extensive survey of construction activities in Xi′an, combining with two sets of dust emission factors for the typical city in north China, this paper estimated the emissions quantity and emission intensity of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 from construction activities in Xi′an in 2017, and analyzed their spatial distribution characteristics. The results indicate that: ①According to the emission factors determined by Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, which based on the types of construction fugitive dust, estimated the total emissions of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 from construction were 68×10³ tons and 14×10³ tons, respectively, of which emission from construction operation fugitive dust accounted for 74% of total emissions, and wind erosion dust accounted for 26%. ②According to the emission factors determined by Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection, which based on the seasonal characteristics of construction fugitive dust, estimated total PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 emissions from construction fugitive dust were 108×10³ tons and 22×10³ tons, respectively. There was a significant seasonal variance in emissions of construction fugitive dust. The emission is highest in spring, and the emissions in summer, autumn are slightly lower than that in winter. ③Two sets of emission calculation results showed that it exits 50% difference between the estimated dust emissions based on two emission factor measured by diverse standard. The PM₁₀ emissions of construction fugitive dust were approximately 68×10³ tons to 108×10³ tons, and PM_2.5 emissions were approximately 14×10³ tons to 22×10³ tons. ④In terms of spatial distribution, the construction fugitive dust emission in the main urban area accounts for about 72% of the total emissions. The emission intensity of construction fugitive dust in the main urban area was relative high compared with surrounding areas, and it is about 29 times that of other counties.更多还原