【摘要】 蔬菜种植具有水肥需求量大等特点,导致菜地土壤氮磷淋溶损失（以下简称淋失）风险较高。茄子作为中国主要的蔬菜种类之一,其种植地氮磷淋失问题不容忽视。为探索降低茄田土壤氮磷淋失风险的种植模式,采用田间渗滤池技术,对不同种植模式（茄子单作、茄子/小白菜间作、茄子/小白菜间作+黄花菜/矮化石榴植物篱、茄子/小白菜间作+柠条/沙棘植物篱）下菜地土壤淋溶液中氮磷含量进行监测,研究茄子不同种植模式对土壤氮磷淋失的影响。结果表明,在4种种植模式中,以茄子/小白菜间作+黄花菜/矮化石榴植物篱对TN、NO₃^-淋失拦截效果最佳,较茄子单作分别降低46.14%、51.62%;然而,不同种植模式对NH₄⁺的淋失拦截无显著差异。与茄子单作相比,其他种植模式对TP的淋失拦截显著,其中以茄子/小白菜间作最佳,较茄子单作相比显著减少了40.80%。在茄子生产过程中,茄子/小白菜间作+黄花菜/矮化石榴植物篱能够有效降低土壤氮磷淋失风险,是适宜天津地区治理菜地氮磷淋失的一种有效措施,研究成果将为治理天津地区面源污染提供技术指导。更多还原

【Abstract】 Vegetable planting has the characteristics of large demand for water and fertilizer,which leads to higher risk of nitrogen and phosphorus leaching in vegetable soil.Eggplant is one of the main vegetable species in China,and the problem of nitrogen and phosphorus leaching in the planting area cannot be ignored.In order to explore the planting mode of reducing the risk of nitrogen and phosphorus leaching in the soil,the field infiltration filter technology was used to monitor the content of nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil leaching solution of the vegetable field under different planting patterns(eggplant monoculture,eggplant/cabbage intercropping,eggplant/cabbage intercropping+ Hemerocallis citrina Baroni/dwarf Punica granatum hedge,eggplant/cabbage intercropping+Caragana korshinskii Kom./Hippophae rhamnoides Linn.hedge)to study the effects of different planting patterns of eggplant on soil nitrogen and phosphorus leaching loss.The results showed that the effect of eggplant/cabbage intercropping+Hemerocallis citrina Baroni/dwarf Punica granatum hedge on decreasing TN and NO3-leaching was the best in all planting patterns,which was 46.14% and 51.62% lower than eggplant monoculture,respectively.However,there was no significant difference in the leaching control of NH4+for each planting pattern.Compared with the eggplant monoculture,the other planting patterns had significant effect on controlling TP leaching,among which the eggplant/cabbage intercropping was the best,which decreased significantly by 40.80%compared with the eggplant monoculture.In the process of eggplant production,the eggplant/cabbage intercropping+ Hemerocallis citrina Baroni/dwarf Punica granatum hedge could effectively reduce the risk of soil nitrogen and phosphorus leaching.It was an effective measure for the treatment of nitrogen and phosphorus leaching in vegetable fields in Tianjin.The research results would provide technical guidance for the treatment of non-point source pollution in Tianjin.更多还原