【摘要】 最佳管理措施(BMPs)被证明是最有效的非点源污染治理方法之一,迄今为止已有广泛的研究与应用。目前,BMPs研究热点主要集中于成本—效益分析与优化配置等。BMPs也可依靠模型测算来进行成本—效益分析,目前评价BMPs环境效益的常用模型包括水土评估模型(SWAT模型)、暴雨洪水管理模型(SWMM模型)等。在实际应用中,特别是在社区、城区甚至整个城市尺度下,非点源污染控制需要进行多种BMPs的优化组合。BMPs的优化配置可基于经验和模型计算进行。近年来,优化算法被引入到BMPs优化配置中,其中遗传算法(GA)的应用广泛,可通过目标函数的引导,进化出最优的BMPs规划方案。但是,中国BMPs成本—效益分析及优化配置中仍存在问题,如模型研究领域缺少与实际监测数据的结合、国内BMPs数据库建设发展缓慢等。更多还原

【Abstract】 Best management practices(BMPs)were proved to be one of the most effective methods to control non-point sources pollution,which had been studied and used widely.The current studies involving BMPs mainly focused on their cost-effectiveness analysis and placement optimization.Moreover,model calculation could also be applied to analyze the cost-effectiveness for BMPs,and Soil and Water Assessment Tool(SWAT)and Storm Water Management Model(SWMM)were the common models for evaluating the environmental benefits of BMPs.In practice,especially for the community,block and even the whole city scale,some different BMPs should be combined optimally to control non-point sources pollution.The optimization placement of BMPs could be performed basing on the experiences and model calculation,namely some BMPs combination placements were selected according to experiences first,and then the optimal BMPs placement was determined by model evaluation.In recent years,the optimization algorithm was introduced into the optimization placement of BMPs,among which the genetic algorithm(GA)was widely used.The optimal placement solution of BMPs could be obtained through evolving by the guidance of objective functions.Besides,the problems in the cost-effectiveness analysis and placement optimization of BMPs were pointed out,such as lack of combination with the practical monitoring data for model research,and the slow development of the BMPs database in China,etc.更多还原