【摘要】 为研究大气颗粒物中多环芳烃（PAHs）的粒径分布与富集特征,确定不同粒径颗粒物中PAHs在人体呼吸系统各器官内的沉积浓度,以准确评估其人体呼吸暴露风险,选择东北某钢铁工业城市,在采暖期和非采暖期按粒径对大气颗粒物进行分级采样,用高效液相色谱对样品中14种优控PAHs进行分析,并将大气颗粒物粒径分级采样技术与人体呼吸系统内部沉积模型结合进行呼吸暴露评估.结果表明,大气颗粒物中总PAHs浓度变化显著,采暖期(743. 9 ng·m^-3)高于非采暖期(169. 0ng·m^-3),多数PAHs（86. 3%～89. 9%）与大气中粒径≤2. 06μm的细颗粒有关;中低分子量PAHs单体呈双峰型,峰值位于1. 07～2. 06μm和7. 04～9. 99μm.高分子量PAHs呈单峰分布,峰值位于1. 07～2. 06μm; 4环PAHs的含量占主导优势,为总PAHs浓度的40%;在采暖期和非采暖期分别有53. 3%和55. 3%的颗粒态PAHs沉积在人体呼吸系统的不同器官,分别采用人体呼吸系统沉积浓度和在颗粒物上的总浓度计算该地区人群颗粒态PAHs的终身致癌超额风险值（incremental lifetime cancer risk,R值）,成人的R值在采暖期为1. 3×10-5和2. 9×10-5,非采暖期为3. 1×10-6和6. 0×10-6,儿童的R值在采暖期为1. 0×10-5和2. 3×10-5,非采暖期为2. 4×10-6和4. 8×10-6.结果表明,颗粒物粒径分布直接影响呼吸系统沉积浓度和致癌风险,将分级采样技术与呼吸系统沉降模型结合方法可有效避免对人体呼吸暴露量的过度评估.更多还原

【Abstract】 Atmospheric particulate matter was collected during the heating period and the non-heating period of a typical steel industrial process in Northeast China to study the following: ① the size-depended distribution and enrichment characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（ PAHs）; ② the deposition concentrations of PAHs of different particle sizes in various organs of the human respiratory system; and ③ the risk from human respiratory exposure. The 14 priority PAHs in the samples were determined by highperformance liquid chromatography（ HPLC）,and respiratory exposure assessment was conducted by combining the atmospheric particle size fractionation sampling technique with an internal deposition model. The results showed that the PAH concentrations during the heating periods( 743. 9 ng·m^-3) were higher than those during the non-heating periods( 169. 0 ng·m^-3). Most PAH contributions（ 86. 3%-89. 9%） were related to fine particles with a diameter ≤ 2. 06 μm; medium and low molecular weight PAHs showed two concentration peaks in 1. 07-2. 06 μm and 7. 04-9. 99 μm range,respectively. In contrast,high molecular weight PAHs showed a unimodal peak in 1. 07-2. 06 μm range. Four-ring PAHs accounted for 40% of the total PAHs concentrations. With respect to human exposure,53. 3% and 55. 3% of the granular PAHs were deposited in the lungs during the heating and non-heating periods,respectively. The incremental lifetime cancer risk（ R） of particulate PAHs in the population was calculated using the concentration in the human respiratory system and the total concentration associated with the particulate matter. The R values for adults ranged between1. 3 × 10-5 and 2. 9 × 10-5 during the heating period,and between 3. 1 × 10-6 and 6. 0 × 10-6 during the non-heating period. The R values for children during the heating period ranged between 1. 0 × 10-5 and 2. 3 × 10-5,and between 2. 4 × 10-6 and 4. 8 × 10-6 during the non-heating period. The results indicated that particle size greatly affected the concentrations of particles deposited in the respiratory system and the level of carcinogenic risk. The combination of the grading sampling technique and the respiratory system settlement model can effectively avoid the over-evaluation of human respiratory exposure.更多还原