【摘要】 微塑料（粒径<5 mm的塑料）污染问题日益严重.以鄱阳湖湿地候鸟栖息地之一的白沙湖为研究区,采集了湖岸边、湖中心和候鸟活动区域的湖水、底泥和候鸟粪便,利用浮选分离法对其中的微塑料进行分离,分析其微塑料污染特征.结果表明:（1）研究区不同采样点水体和底泥中微塑料丰度有较大差异,表现为湖中心<湖岸边<候鸟活动区域,水体和底泥中微塑料平均丰度分别为263.28个·m^-3和215.9个·kg^-1,候鸟粪便中微塑料平均丰度为4.93个·g^-1.研究区存在颗粒、薄膜、碎片和纤维这4种不同形貌的微塑料.（2）水体中微塑料以颗粒类最多,颜色主要为红色,微塑料粒径丰度表现为<1 mm>1～2 mm>2～3 mm>3～5 mm,且基本呈随粒径增大丰度减小的趋势.（3）底泥中微塑料以纤维类为主,颜色主要为紫色,湖岸边和鸟类栖息地微塑料粒径以<1 mm为主,湖中心以1～2 mm为主.（4）候鸟粪便内微塑料以颗粒类为主,颜色主要为红色,粒径以<1 mm为主.（5）水体、底泥和候鸟粪便中微塑料类型分布无一致性,水体和候鸟粪便颜色和粒径分布保持一致.可见,鄱阳湖鸟类栖息地已经受到了微塑料的污染,鸟类也无可避免地接触到了微塑料,警示人们微塑料将会是候鸟的新兴威胁.更多还原

【Abstract】 Microplastic pollution（plastics with particle sizes < 5 mm） has become a serious problem. In this study,we sampled the surface water,sediment,and bird excrement from the shore,center of the lake,and active areas for birds in Baisha Lake,which is key habitat for migratory birds in the Poyang Lake wetlands. The microplastics were separated by flotation separation,and then,we analyzed the pollution characteristics of this area. The main results were as follows. （1） There were significant differences in the abundance of microplastics in water and sediment at different sampling points in the study area. The average abundance of microplastics in water and sediment were 263. 28 per·m^-3 and 215. 9 per·kg^-1,respectively. The average abundance of microplastics in migratory bird feces was 4. 93 per·g^-1. （2） There were four kinds of microplastics in the surface water in terms of the different morphologies of particles,namely,pellets,films,fragments,and fibers,among which pellets were the major type. The main colors of microplastics were red,yellow,green,blue,purple,black,and transparent. The rank in terms of the size of microplastics was follows: < 1 mm >1-2 mm > 2-3 mm > 3-5 mm,and the abundance decreased with the increase of particle size. （3） There were also four kinds of microplastics with different morphologies in the sediment,namely,pellets,films,fragments,and fibers. The main colors of these microplastics were red,yellow,blue,purple,black,and transparent. Microplastic sizes on the shore of the lake and bird habitat were mainly < 1 mm,and 1-2 mm particles were mainly detected in the center of the lake. （4） There were four types of microplastics in the excrement of migratory birds,namely,pellets,films,fragments,and fibers. The colors of these microplastics were red,yellow,green,purple,and transparent,and the particle size was mainly < 1 mm. （5） There was no consistency in the types of microplastics in the water body,sediment,and bird droppings. However,the size distribution for water and bird excrement was consistent. The results indicate that Poyang Lake bird habitat is polluted by microplastics,and the birds are inevitably exposed to microplastics. This study warns that microplastics will be an emerging threat to migratory birds.更多还原