【摘要】 为了解城市近郊区域植物源挥发性有机化合物（biogenic volatile organic compounds,BVOCs）排放情况,运用动态采样法对北京地区广泛种植的12种典型落叶果树（其中9种为首次报道） BVOCs进行野外采样和实验室分析.结果表明,果树释放物中含有烃类、醇类和醛类等9类物质,烃类含量最高,占39. 0%. 12种果树均释放异戊二烯和单萜（6种果树释放倍半萜烯）,其中,桃等3种果树为高BVOCs排放树种,海棠等9种果树为中等BVOCs排放树种.果树总BVOCs（异戊二烯、单萜和倍半萜烯之和）释放速率在（2. 6±0. 1）～（14±0. 8）μg·（g·h）^-1之间,其中杏子总BVOCs释放速率最高[（14±0. 8）μg·（g·h）^-1].对不同科属及生活型果树BVOCs进行显著性分析发现,木本类果树异戊二烯释放速率[（4. 2±1. 4）μg·（g·h）^-1]显著高于藤本类[（0. 6±0. 2）μg·（g·h）^-1,P=0. 03],但果树BVOCs的释放速率不具有显著的科属差异,暂不能依据果树科属关系对BVOCs释放水平进行分类.与松柏科植物不同,具有花香或脂香味的β-月桂烯（β-myrcene）、D-柠檬烯（D-limonene）和γ-松油烯（γ-terpinene）是果树释放的主要成分,β-月桂烯（β-myrcene）含量最高,占单萜总释放量的59. 3%.此外,果树还可能释放芴、菲和萘等8种具有芳香味的有毒有害大气污染物.本研究拓展了BVOCs研究领域,为丰富BVOCs数据库及BVOCs环境效应评估提供了基础数据.更多还原

【Abstract】 To better understand the emission of biogenic volatile organic compounds（ BVOCs） in suburbs,we selected 12 typical deciduous fruit trees and conducted field sampling and laboratory analysis of BVOCs using a dynamic sampling technique. To our knowledge,details of BVOC emissions for nine of the selected fruit tree species are reported here for the first time. Emissions of BVOCs from fruit trees contained nine kinds of compounds,including hydrocarbons,alcohols,and aldehydes,of which hydrocarbons accounted for up to 39. 0%. All fruit trees were found to emit isoprene and monoterpenes（ six species also emitted sesquiterpenes）,of which three species were high emitters and nine species,such as Catalpa,were medium emitters. The emission rates of total BVOCs（ including isoprene,monoterpenes,and sesquiterpenes） from different fruit trees ranged from（ 2. 6 ± 0. 1） μg·（ g·h）^-1 to（ 14 ±0. 8） μg·（ g·h）^-1. Analyses of BVOCs from different families and plant forms indicated that isoprene emission rates were significantly higher from woody fruit trees [（ 4. 2 ± 1. 4） μg·（ g·h）^-1] than from vine fruit trees [（ 0. 6 ± 0. 2） μg·（ g·h）^-1,P = 0. 03],whereas there was no significant difference between family or genus. This suggests that the emission level of BVOCs from fruit trees cannot be classified by family and genera. In contrast to coniferous plants,β-myrcene,D-limonene,and γ-terpinene—associated with floral or resinous aromas—were the main monoterpenes of fruit trees. The emission rate of β-myrcene was highest,accounting for59. 3% of the total monoterpene emissions. In addition,fruit trees may emit eight other fragrant VOCs listed as hazardous air pollutants（ HAPs）,e. g.,fluorene,phenanthrene,and naphthalene. This study expands the field of BVOCs research and provides basic data for enriching the BVOCs database,as well as for evaluating the environmental effects of BVOCs.更多还原