【摘要】 环境监测的质量保证是监测数据准确性、可比性的重要保障.在区域大气联合观测项目中,完善的质量保证体系应包括管理机制和技术措施两部分,但目前我国对这类项目质量保证尚无统一标准.针对大气重污染成因与治理攻关项目(简称"大气攻关项目")外场观测任务量大、承担单位多、监测项目复杂的特点,为保证观测数据的质量,避免出现由于监测和质控方法不统一造成的数据可比性差、结果矛盾的问题,提出了大气攻关项目质量保证体系和管理机制.其中,质量保证体系包括制定总体要求(技术文件、监测项目及质控要求)、外场观测质量保证(内部质量管理体系、项目外场观测质量保证体系)、实验室分析质量保证(实验室遴选、项目实验室分析多级质量保证体系、实验室比对和飞行检查)和数据质量控制(数据线上审核、项目实验室分析质控报告、项目数据质量评价) 4个方面.管理机制为项目管理办公室、质控实验室和承担单位三级主体,两级监督的分级管理模式.通过项目实践,项目质量保证体系达到了保证观测数据准确性、可比性的预期效果,为揭示区域雾霾形成机理、突破污染控制关键技术提供了有力的技术支持,同时为区域大气联合观测项目的数据质量保证提供了借鉴.更多还原

【Abstract】 Environmental monitoring quality assurance is essential for the accuracy and comparability of the data obtained in monitoringactivities. In the regional air joint monitoring( survey) projects,an integrated quality assurance system includes both technical contentsand management mechanism. Currently,there arenocommon criteria for the quality assurance system in such projects in China. In the Key Project of Heavy Air Pollution Causes and Control,field observation workload is large,there are a large number of participants,and the monitoring items are complex. A quality assurance system is developed to preventpoor comparability and paradoxical results possibly caused byinconsistence of monitoring method and quality control requirements. The systemconsists of 4 parts: general requirements( technical documents,monitoring items and quality control requirements),quality assurance for field observation( internal quality management system,project field observation quality assurance system),laboratory analysisassurance( laboratory selection,project laboratory analysis quality assurance system,inter-laboratory comparison activities and unannounced inspections) and data quality control( internet-based data review,project report for laboratory quality control,project data quality assessment). The management mechanism is three-level main responsibilities and two-level inspections. By implementing such measurements,the data accuracy and comparability are improved significantly. It is also effective in supporting the study of haze formation mechanism and pollution control techniques,and it can be a reference of quality assurance for the regional joint air monitoring campaigns.更多还原