【摘要】 火炬系统是石油化工、冶金等行业为处理生产工艺中产生的或剩余的易燃有害气体的控制措施,是保证工艺设备安全运行的重要保障,同时也是降低环境污染的重要措施.火炬燃烧排放的CO₂、NO_x及未完全燃烧的VOCs （挥发性有机物）是造成环境污染的重要原因,而目前国内仍没有较为成熟的控制火炬排放的标准,因此形成火炬排放与控制的标准规范已成为绿色生态建设的重要环节.通过对火炬分类及系统组成、燃烧气体的流量和热值控制、引燃火焰及燃烧火焰的检测和监控、系统排放的检测和监控等方面的分析,以及对国外〔如US EPA（美国环境保护局）、美国南加州、欧盟等地区〕的火炬标准与国内的火炬标准规范进行对比,并以上海市火炬的统计结果为基础,提出了对于上海市火炬排放控制标准与规范的基本框架建议.框架内容主要包括4个方面:①监测泄放气的流量、压力,控制泄放气与辅助气的比例,使燃烧气体的热值达到完全燃烧的范围;②监测引燃火焰和燃烧火焰,保证火炬的运行;③监测火炬的可见排放;④加强火炬的监管力度,定时检维修.更多还原

【Abstract】 The flare system is a control measure for petrochemical,metallurgical and other industries to deal with the flammable and harmful gases generated or remaining in the production process. It is an important guarantee for ensuring the safe operation of process equipment,and reducing environmental pollution. However,CO₂,NO_x and other incompletely combusted organic matter emitted by flare combustion are still important causes of environmental pollution. At present,there is still no mature standard for controlling flare emission in China. Therefore,the formation of standard specifications for flare emission and control has become an important part of green ecological construction. This paper expounds the systematic composition,classification and emission characterization factors of the flare,and compares the flare standards in foreign countries and regions,such as the US EPA,southern California,the European Union,and other regions with the domestic flare standards through the comparison and analysis of classification and system composition of the flare,the control of gas flow and heat value,the pilot flame and combustion flame detection and monitoring,emissions detection and monitoring,etc. This paper puts forward some suggestions on the basic framework of Shanghai flare emission control standards and regulations. The framework is based on the statistical analysis results of the flare in Shanghai,which mainly includes the following aspects:（ 1） To monitor the flow and pressure of gas discharge,control the ratio of gas discharge and auxiliary gas,and make the calorific value of combustion gas reach the range of complete combustion.（ 2） To monitor the ignition flame and combustion flame,ensure the flare’s operation.（ 3） To monitor the visible emissions of the flare.（ 4） To strengthen the intensity of supervision of the flare,regular inspection and maintenance.更多还原