【摘要】 重金属在土壤中的固-液分配行为和形态分布对于其环境迁移过程和生物有效性有重要意义.基于热力学机制的地球化学平衡模型是重金属形态研究中一项重要手段.本文从形态模型的发展历史出发,对土壤环境中一些常见的地球化学形态模型进行了梳理;对形态模型的使用过程中模型输入值,包括吸附组分和活性态金属含量的确定方法进行了说明;对地球化学形态模型在各方面的应用进行了总结;最后对模型今后的发展方向和应用前景进行了展望.更多还原

【Abstract】 The fate and bioavailability of heavy metals are primarily determined by their solid/liquid partitioning and distribution. Mechanism-based geochemical equilibrium models have been developed as an important method in the study of heavy metals speciation. In the present review,starting with the development history of speciation modeling,some geochemical speciation models that had been used widely in the soil environment were described. The quantitative methods of reactive components and geochemically reactive element contents were introduced. And the applications of geochemical speciation model were summarized. Finally the future development and application of the model were prospected.更多还原