【摘要】 以石家庄市铺装道路积尘为研究对象,用样方采样法收集秋季道路积尘样品,处理后用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（ICP-MS）测定样品中的Zn、Mn、Cu、Pb、V、Ni、Co、Sc、Cr、Cd共10种特征元素,同时用离子色谱仪测定样品中的SO^2-₄和NO^-₃ 2种水溶性离子,得到PM_2.5和PM₁₀中化学组分的浓度,并使用富集因子法和主成分分析法探索其富集程度和来源。结果表明:SO^2-₄、Cr、NO^-₃和Zn这4种化学组分的质量浓度在PM_2.5和PM₁₀中的含量较高,分别占被测化学组分的95.80%和94.72%,且更易附着在细颗粒物上;PM_2.5和PM₁₀中Cr、Cd、Cu、Zn和Pb富集程度强,主要受人为来源的影响;主成分分析结果表明,PM_2.5和PM₁₀化学组分主要来源于地壳土壤、机动车尾气的排放、机动车轮胎和刹车片的磨损和工业排放的沉降。综上所述,石家庄市道路积尘的化学组分主要与机动车行驶有关。更多还原

【Abstract】 Road dust samples were collected from paved roads of Shijiazhuang in autumn by quadrat sampling method. The concentrations of 10 elements（Zn, Mn, Cu, Pb, V, Ni, Co, Sc, Cr and Cd） of the samples were detected by ICP-MS technique; at the same time, concentrations of SO^2-₄ and NO^-₃ in the samples were analyzed using ion chromatography to obtain concentrations of chemical compositions in PM_2.5 and PM₁₀, and its enrichment degree and source were analyzed by enrichment factor（EF） method and the principal component analysis（PCA） method respectively. Results showed that SO^2-₄, Cr, NO^-₃ and Zn were the dominant chemical compositions in PM_2.5 and PM₁₀, accounting for 95.80% and 94.72% of the tested chemical compositions in mass concentration respectively, and they were enriched in fine particles more easily; Cr, Cd, Cu, Zn and Pb were of high enrichment extent in PM_2.5 and PM₁₀, which were mainly influenced by artificial sources; and analysis of main compositions showed that the main sources of chemical compositions in PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ were soil dust, vehicle exhaust, tire wear particles, brake wear particles and settlement of industrial emissions. Therefore, the chemical compositions in road dusts of Shijiazhuang City were mainly related with vehicle driving.更多还原