【摘要】 为了更清楚的了解长期定位施肥对黑土钾素形态的影响。通过长期定位试验对不同田间试验小区进行了不同施肥处理,试验处理分为3类:单施化肥、低量玉米秸秆配施化肥、高量玉米秸秆配施化肥。结果表明,在长期施肥条件下,低量玉米秸秆配施化肥处理(除NP+S2.5)和高量玉米秸秆配施化肥处理相比不施肥(CK)处理全钾含量都有所增加,其中S5.0、N+S5.0、NPK+S5.0处理增加效果显著,单施化肥处理相比CK处理全钾含量变化不一致,其中N、NP处理较CK处理全钾含量有所降低,K和NPK处理较CK处理显著增加。缓效钾含量在高量玉米秸秆配施化肥的影响下其含量增加效果显著,其中K+S5.0处理缓效钾含量增加最多。矿物钾是土壤中相对稳定的钾素,长期施肥对黑土中矿物钾含量的变化影响并不大。在长期施肥条件下,低量玉米秸秆配施化肥处理和高量玉米秸秆配施化肥处理相比CK处理速效钾含量都显著增加,其中以NPK+S2.5、K+S5.0、NPK+S5.0处理速效钾含量增加最多。长期施肥对水溶性钾和交换性钾含量的影响都以K+S5.0处理增加最多。黑土中的矿物钾约占全钾的90%～98%,矿物钾占全钾的比例最高,水溶性钾占全钾的比例最小。因此,不同施肥处理中以化肥配施玉米秸秆对土壤中各种形态的钾素含量影响最大,其次为NPK肥配施,黑土中的钾素形态因不同的施肥处理其含量不同。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to understand clearly the effect of long-term fertilization on the potassium forms in black soil,the field trials were carried out through different long-term positioning experiments. The trial treatments included three categories:single application of chemical fertilizer,low-volume corn stalk with chemical fertilizer,and high-volume corn stalk with chemical fertilizer. The results showed that under long-term fertilization conditions, the treatments of low-volume corn stalks combined with chemical fertilizer(except NP+S2.5) and high-volume corn stalks combined with chemical fertilizer increased the total potassium content compared to CK(without fertilization),among which the effects of S5.0,N+S5.0 and NPK+S5.0 treatments were significant. The treatment of single fertilizer was inconsistent to CK treatment in the change of total potassium content.The total potassium content in N and NP treatments was lower than that of CK,but it increased significantly in K and NPK treatments. The content of slow-acting potassium increased significantly under the influence of high-content corn stalks combined with chemical fertilizers,and the highest came from the K+S5.0 treatment.The mineral potassium was relatively stable in soil,so it was less influenced by long-term fertilization in black soil. Under long-term fertilization conditions,the treatments of low-volume corn stalks combined with chemical fertilizer and high-volume corn stalks combined with chemical fertilizer significantly increased the content of available potassium compared to CK,and NPK+S2.5,K+S5.0 and NPK+S5.0 treatments had the highest content of available potassium. K+S5.0 treatment had the most effect on the contents of water-soluble potassium and exchangeable potassium for long-term fertilization. The mineral potassium in black soil accounted for 90%-98% of total potassium(the highest),and the water-soluble potassium was the lowest. It was concluded that the application of chemical fertilizers with corn stalks in different fertilization treatments had the greatest influence on various forms of potassium in soil,followed by NPK fertilizer application,and the potassium forms in black soil were different due to different fertilization treatments.更多还原