【摘要】 稳定的边坡群落是公路边坡生态防护的目标,为探究高速公路生态护坡工程10 a演替后群落特征,该研究以泌桐高速公路为依托,布设自然恢复、单一狗牙根播种和5个不同播种密度的草灌混播生态防护措施,分析不同恢复方式对边坡群落组成、生活型和物种多样性的影响。结果表明:(1)调查样方内共有52种植物,分属于17科49属。禾本科、菊科和豆科植物共26属29种,占种总数的55.77%,表明这三大科植物在边坡群落演替过程中起着重要作用。(2) 10 a演替后不同恢复方式下群落中多年生植物比例高于一年生草本植物。(3)在草灌混播样地中,群落物种多样性指数随着播种密度的增加呈先增加后降低的单峰变化趋势,在播种密度为每平方米500株时达到最大。(4)草灌混播的生态恢复效果优于纯草本种植和自然恢复方式。(5)播种密度对草灌混播群落类型,地上生物量和物种多样性指数没有显著影响。从植物的生长效果及成本方面考虑,初播密度每平方米为500~600株的草灌混播可构建较为稳定的边坡植物群落,实现最佳的边坡恢复效果,可应用于类似区域边坡生态恢复工程。更多还原

【Abstract】 The formation of stable community is the objective of ecological protection in highway slope. In order to explore the community characteristics in highway slope ecological engineering after ten years’ succession,the species composition,plant life forms,and species diversity index were investigated through building natural restoration,the monoculture of Cynodon dactylon and five kinds of mixture planting of shrub and herbage on typical slope of Bitong Expressway. The results were as follows:（ 1） Plant community succession after ten years,a total of 52 kinds of plants appeared in the survey sample plots,belonging to 17 families and 49 genera; and a total of 26 genra and 29 species of Compositae,Leguminosae,Gramineae accounted for 55.77% of the total,which showed that these three families played important roles in the process of vegetation succession in the restoration of vegetation.（ 2） Among the restoration methods,the proportion of perennial plants was higher than that of annual herbs.（ 3） In the mixture planting of shrub and herbage treatment,the Patrick index,Shannon-Wiener index,Simpson index and Margalef index of reforestation communities tended to increase first and then decreased with density,and reached the peak when the seeding rate of herbage was 500 plants·m^-2.（ 4） The growth of mixture planting of shrub and herbage was superior than that of monoculture of herbage and natural recovery.（ 5） Seeding density had no serious effects on the aboveground biomass and species diversity index of community. Considering the cost and benefits of side slope protection,the initial seeding density of 500-600 plants·m^-2 can build a stable plant community on highway slope with good protective effects. It can be applied to slope ecological restoration projects in similar area.更多还原