【摘要】 塔里木盆地是亚洲大陆腹地独特的巨型地质地貌单元,是研究新生代地球系统的天然实验室。新生代以来,它经历了古近纪海湾、新近纪湖泊—三角洲平原、河流—湖泊—沙漠、沙漠—河流的地质演化过程,古地理格局变化的主要因素是远程碰撞造山作用,造成盆地的封闭、气候干旱。古近纪以来,海湾盆地西低东高,构造挤压造成周缘山脉隆升和盆地逐渐封闭,这是盆地演化最主要的动力因素。新近纪南高北低,随着青藏高原隆升,周围山脉持续隆升,早先形成的河湖等地质地貌单元不断被周边山脉所封闭,形成塔里木盆地,发育大湖泊。第四纪以来,盆地西高东低,经历了最快速的地球系统演化,形成中国较大的内流水系以及最大沙漠。内、外动力的耦合作用及其相互作用,控制了塔里木盆地新生代地球系统演化,塔里木盆地周缘新构造活跃,在巨型盆地内发育了河流、湖泊、沙漠、戈壁、雅丹、干盐湖等多种第四纪的地貌类型。不同地质因素时空上相互作用,塑造着巨型盆地地球系统演化,塔里木盆地展示了极干旱地区地球系统第四纪快速的演化过程。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Tarim Basin is a unique giant geological and geomorphic unit in the hinterland of the Asian continent. It is a natural laboratory for studying the new generation of the Earth system. Since the Cenozoic, it has experienced the geological evolution, such as Paleogene Gulf, the Neogene lake-delta plain, the river-lake-desert, and the desert-river. The main factor affecting the change of paleogeographical pattern is the long-range collisional orogeny, resulting in the closure of the basin and the onset of arid climate. Since the Paleogene, the Gulf Basin has been low in the west and high in the east. The tectonic compression caused the uplift of the surrounding mountains and the gradual closure of the basin, which is the most important driving factor for the basin evolution. During the Neogene, it was high in the south and low in the north. With the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the surrounding mountains continued to rise, and the geological structure was constantly closed by the surrounding mountains, forming the Tarim Basin and developing large lakes. Since the Quaternary, the basin has been high in the west and low in the east, and has experienced the fastest evolution of the Earth system, forming China’s largest inland water system and the largest desert. The coupling and interaction of internal and external dynamics control the evolution of the Cenozoic Earth system in the Tarim Basin. The new tectonic structures in the Tarim Basin are active. In the giant basin, rivers, lakes, deserts, Gobi, Yadan, dry salt lakes, etc. Different geological factors interact in space and time, shaping the evolution of the Earth system in the giant basin. The geological history of the Tarim Basin demonstrates the rapid evolution of the Quaternary Earth system in the extremely arid regions.更多还原