【摘要】 为实现桥梁挠度等结构竖向位移的精确、快速测量,研发了一种基于液气耦合连通管的结构竖向位移测量系统,以液体为水的系统为例,对其测量精度及误差的参数影响性进行理论分析。理论分析表明:系统理论测量精度可达0.01mm;当水的温度在0~60℃变化时,其密度变化使位移测量值与实际值产生偏差,最大相对误差为1.678%;密闭气体的温度变化与其导致的位移测量误差之间呈非线性关系,位移测量误差随温差增加而增大,随密闭气体体积的增大而增大,随基准温度升高而减小;在我国范围内,纬度变化引起的系统测量最大相对误差为0.094%;当海拔高度在1 000m范围内,由海拔变化引起的系统测量最大相对误差为0.031 4%。试验和某千米级悬索桥工程应用实例表明:在短期测试时该系统具有0.1mm级的精度,可连续实时测量且操作便捷。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to realize the precise and rapid measurement of structural vertical displacement,a kind of structural vertical displacement measuring system based on the liquid-air coupling interconnected pipes was developed.For this study,the system with fresh water was taken as the sample,and the parametric effect of the measuring precision and errors was theoretically analyzed.The results of the analysis indicate that the theoretical measuring precision of the system is up to0.01 mm.When the temperature of the water varies within the range of 0~60℃,the variation of water density induces differences between the measured displacement values and the actual condition,and the maximum relative error is 1.678%.The temperature changes of the closed air keep a non-linear relation with the displacement measuring errors.The displacement measuring errors increase as the temperature difference becomes greater,increases as the volume of the closed air swells and decreases as the basic temperature rises.In China,the maximum relative measuring error of the system induced by latitude variation is 0.094%.When the latitude is less than 1 000 m,the maximum relative measuring error of the system induced by latitude variation is 0.031 4%.The results of the experiment and application indicate that in the short-term testing,the system has a 0.1mm grade precision,which is able to accommodate real-time measurement and is convenient for operation.更多还原