【摘要】 为了定量研究喀斯特地貌条件下发育的岩溶河流流域景观格局动态变化规律,本文以漓江流域2005年土地利用数据和2015年GF-1多光谱影像为主要数据源,在土地利用/覆被变化理论、景观生态学理论的基础上,选取土地变化动态度、斑块数量、斑块密度、最大斑块指数等12个指标,从斑块类型水平和景观类型水平两个尺度,定量研究漓江流域10年的景观格局变化规律。结果表明:有林地、水田、灌木林地在2015年分别占漓江流域总面积的44.78%、15.02%和13.76%,2005-2015年有林地和水田面积分别减少了71.09km2和117.66km2,变化幅度较大,河流面积保持相对稳定,10年内仅减少0.39km2。土地利用类型转化方面,林地分别以31.79%、21.17%和17.80%的比例转化为水田、旱地和草地;耕地主要转化为林地和居民地,转化率为46.44%和21.32%。从斑块类型水平看,2005-2015年景观破碎度加剧,斑块个数净增419个,斑块形状逐渐复杂化,疏林地破碎化程度最高,斑块个数由2005年的146个增加到2015年的541个,聚集度指数下降了9.76,主要受林果业种植的影响,河流分布集中化,支流减少,聚集度指数升高了38.85,形状指数降低了3.77。从景观类型水平看,2005-2015年景观多样性指数增加了0.09,蔓延度减少了2.96,景观趋于多样化,破碎度加剧,分布不集中,连通性减弱。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to quantitatively study the dynamic changes of landscape pattern in karst river basins developed under karst geomorphology, this paper takes the land use data of Lijiang River Basin in 2005 and GF-1 multispectral images in 2015 as the main data sources, and selected 12 indexes including land change dynamic attitude, patch number, patch density and maximum patch index on the basis of land use/cover change theory and landscape ecology theory to quantitatively explore the 10-year landscape pattern changes of Lijiang River Basin from two scales of patch type level and landscape type level. The results showed that forested land, paddy field and shrub land accounted for 44.78%,15.02% and 13.76% of the total area of Lijiang River Basin respectively in 2015, while forested land and paddy field decreased by 71.09 km2 and 117.66 km2 respectively from 2005 to2015, with great changes. The river area remained relatively stable, with a decrease of only 0.39 km2 in 10 years. In terms of land use type transformation, forest land was transformed into paddy field, dry land and grassland in the proportions of 31.79%,21.17% and 17.80%, respectively. Cultivated land is mainly converted into forest land and residential land, with conversion rates of 46.44% and 21.32%. From the patch type level, the landscape fragmentation increased from 2005 to 2015, with a net increase of 419 patches, the patch shape became more complicated, the fragmentation degree of sparse forest land was the highest, the number of patches increased from 146 in 2005 to 541 in 2015, and the aggregation index decreased by 9.76, which was mainly affected by forest and fruit planting. The distribution of rivers was centralized, the tributaries were reduced, the aggregation index increased by 38.85, and the shape index decreased by 3.77. From the level of landscape types, the landscape diversity index increased by 0.09 from 2005 to 2015,and the contag decreased by 2.96. The landscape tends to be diversified, the fragmentation is intensified, the distribution is not centralized, and connectivity is weakened. Cultivated land is mainly converted into forest land and residential land, with conversion rates of 46.44% and 21.32%. From the level of patch type, the landscape fragmentation increased from 2005 to 2015,and the number of patchs increased by 419. The shape of the patches gradually became more complicated, and the fragmentation degree of the sparse forest was the highest. The number of patches increased from 146 in 2005 to 541 in 2015, and the aggregation index decreased by 9.76, mainly due to cultivation of forestry and fruit industry, the river distribution was concentrated, the tributaries were reduced, the aggregation index increased by38.85, and the shape index decreased by 3.77. From the perspective of landscape type, the landscape diversity index increased by 0.09 from 2005 to 2015, the contagion index decreased by 2.96. Landscape diversification, fragmentation, non-concentration of distribution and weakening of connectivity were also observed.更多还原