【摘要】 氨的挥发不仅造成了资源的浪费,也间接地影响到了环境,为探讨水肥一体化条件下不同处理对灌漠土氨挥发的影响,本试验设了5个灌溉溶液pH梯度（1.5、3.5、5.5、7.5（对照）、9.5）、两个灌水量(1500m³·hm^-2、3000m³·hm^-2)、两个施氮量(450Kg·hm^-2、900Kg·hm^-2)共20个处理,通过盆栽试验来进行相关研究。结果表明:（1）土壤氨挥发总量与灌溉溶液pH、灌水量、施肥量均呈正相关关系,三者对氨挥发的贡献率分别为31.57%、4.23%、64.2%;（2）相比对照,灌溉溶液pH为1.5、3.5、5.5处理下的土壤氨挥发总量分别减少了68.34%、22.39%、-1.23%,而灌溉溶液pH为9.5这一处理增加了48.28%;（3）施氮量增加一倍,土壤氨挥发总量可增加349.97%;（4）灌水量增加一倍,土壤氨挥发总量可增加60.78%。研究表明,在酸性条件下,灌溉溶液pH越低,土壤氨挥发量降低程度越显著;近中性条件下,土壤氨挥发量随灌溉溶液pH的增加而增加,但增幅较低;碱性条件下,土壤氨挥发量最大。在农业生产中,通过调节溶液酸度,可适当减少水肥的投入,减少土壤氨的挥发,提高水肥利用率,保护环境。更多还原

【Abstract】 Ammonia volatilization not only causes the waste of resources, but also indirectly affects the environment. To explore the effects of different treatment on ammonia volatilization under integrated water and fertilizer, the tests of five irrigation water’s pH（1.5, 3.5, 5.5, 7.5（CK）, 9.5）, two irrigation quantity(1500 m³·hm^-2, 3000 m³·hm^-2), two applied amount of N fertilizer(450 Kg·hm^-2, 900 Kg·hm^-2), a total of 20 treatments were set up. We did related research through pot experiment. The results showed that :（1） Soil ammonia volatilization accumulation was positively correlated with irrigation water’s pH, irrigation quantity and applied amount of N fertilizer, and their contribution rates to ammonia volatilization were 31.57%, 4.23% and 64.2%, respectively.（2） Compared with the control group, the cumulative ammonia volatilization in soil under the treatment of irrigation water with a pH of 1.5, 3.5 and 5.5 decreased by 68.34%, 22.39% and-1.23%, respectively, while the treatment of irrigation water with a pH of 9.5 increased by 48.28%.（3） The soil ammonia volatilization accumulation increased by 349.97% when the nitrogen application amount was doubled.（4） The soil ammonia volatilization accumulation increased by 60.78% by doubling the irrigation amount. Our results indicated that under acidic conditions, the lower the pH of irrigation water is, the more significant the reduction of ammonia volatilization is in soil. Under the nearly neutral condition, soil ammonia volatilization increases with the increase of irrigation water pH, but the increase is smaller. Under alkaline condition, soil ammonia volatilization is the highest. In agricultural production, the input of water and fertilizer can be appropriately reduced, the volatilization of soil ammonia can be reduced by adjusting the acidity of the solution, then the water and fertilizer use efficiency can be improved, and the environment can be protected.更多还原