【摘要】 依据《中国基本古籍库》、《爱如生数据库·中国方志库》等进行古文献数据库全文信息检索的结果,统计了崇祯年间"人相食"事件发生的时空特征。结果表明,崇祯朝十七年间,共有73省次、475县次发生有饥荒食人事件。其中又以崇祯十三年(224县次)、十四年(127县次)最为严重,且以青黄不接的春季"人相食"事件最为多发。空间上,以河南布政司发生县次最多(12年次,103县次),其次是山东、山西、北京、陕西、南京,空间差异显著,北方明显多于南方。引起食人事件的原因中,"旱灾"或"旱灾+其他灾害"合计共有440县次,占总次数的93%。大旱灾-粮食资源极度短缺-米价大涨-无粮可食-人口大量饿死-出现食人现象,是崇祯年间"人相食"事件发生的典型过程。气候干旱化、较长时间持续不雨是导致崇祯年间"大旱-蝗灾-疫灾-饥荒"灾害链状发生,最后致使食人现象大面积出现的主导因素。气候恶化引起食物资源的极度匮乏,是导致明王朝灭亡的重要原因,气候变化对于历史进程具有不可忽视的影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 According to the results of the full text information retrieval of the ancient literature database based on "China’s Basic Ancient Books Library" and "Ai Rusheng Database o China Fangzhi Library", we analyzed the temporal and spatial characteristics of the "Famine and Cannibalism" events during Chongzhen period of the Ming Dynasty. The results showed that during the 17 years of the Chongzhen period, there were 73 provinces and 475 counties with incidents of famine and cannibalism. Among them, Chongzhen’s thirteen years(1640 AD, 224 counties) and fourteen years(1641 AD, 127 counties) were the most serious, and the "Famine and Cannibalism" incidents were the most common in the spring. In terms of space, Henan Province had the most counties occurred the events(12 years, 103 counties), followed by Shandong, Shanxi, Beijing, Shaanxi, and Nanjing. The spatial difference was obvious, and the north areas were significantly more than the south. Among the causes of the cannibalism, "drought" or "drought + other disasters" totaled 440 counties. accounting for 93% of the total numbers. Severe drought-extremely shortage of food resources-a large increase in rice prices-no food to eat-a large number of people starving to death-the "Famine and Cannibalism" incidents occurred, was a typical process of " Famine and Cannibalism " incidents during the Chongzhen years. The arid climate and long lasting without rain were the leading factors in the chain of disasters of "drought-locust-plague-famine" disasters during the Chongzhen period. The extreme shortage of food resources caused by climate deterioration was an important reason for the demise of the Ming Dynasty. Climate change had a negligible impact on the historical process.更多还原