【摘要】 为了提高设施基质栽培番茄的品质、产量及肥料利用率,以番茄品种‘STP-F318’为供试材料,设置6个氮肥用量(N0～N5分别为:602.55kg/hm~2、572.42kg/hm~2、542.30kg/hm~2、512.17kg/hm~2、482.04kg/hm~2、451.91kg/hm~2),研究了不同氮肥用量对设施基质栽培番茄品质、产量及养分吸收的影响。结果表明:氮肥减施有利于提高番茄叶片的SPAD值与净光合速率,SPAD值在N2处理下最大,为54.98,而净光合速率在N3处理下最大,为18.39μmol/m~2·s,较对照N0处理分别提高13.20%、10.88%。与N0处理相比,各氮肥处理改善了番茄品质,其中N4处理Vc含量最高,为3.32mg/kgFW,番茄红素含量提高了4.72%～9.84%,糖酸比以N2和N3处理表现较佳,分别为8.39、8.72。产量随施氮量减少呈先升后降趋势,N3处理产量最高,为180601.98kg/hm~2,较N0处理增产16.65%,其次N2处理增产14.97%。植株氮、磷、钾的吸收比例为1∶(0.17～0.57)∶(1.28～2.09)。由此可见,当氮肥用量为512.17kg/hm~2时,既能够保持较高的番茄产量和肥料利用率,又具有较优的品质,为基质栽培番茄氮肥优化管理提供了理论依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 To improve the nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency of tomato under substrate cultivation, with tomato variety ‘STP-F318’as tested material, six nitrogen fertilizer levels(N0～N5: 602.55 kg/hm~2, 572.42 kg/hm~2, 542.30 kg/hm~2, 512.17 kg/hm~2, 482.04 kg/hm~2, 451.91 kg/hm~2) were designed to study the effects of nitrogen fertilizer levels on quality, yield and nutrient absorption of tomato. The results showed that reduced nitrogen treatments increased SPAD value and photosynthetic rate, the highest SPASD value was in N2 treatment for 54.98, photosynthetic rate under N3 treatment reached the maximum for 18.39μmol/m~2·s, which were increased by 13.20%, 10.88%, respectively. Compared with N0 treatment, nitrogen fertilizer treatments could improve fruit quality, the Vc content was the highest at N4 treatment for 3.32 mg/kg FW, the lycopene content were increased by 4.82% to 9.84%, the sugar-acid ratio under N2 treatment and N3 treatment were 8.39, 8.72, performing better. The fruit yield increased and then decreased with the decrease of nitrogen fertilizer amount, the yield reached the highest under N3 treatment for 180,601.98 kg/hm~2, followed by N2 treatment, increased by 16.65%, 14.97%, respectively. The nutrient absorption ratio of N, P and K was 1:(0.17～0.57):(1.28～2.09). Therefore, the reduced nitrogen treatments could increase yield and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency, improve the fruit quality, nitrogen fertilizer amount of 512.17 kg/hm~2 performed better, which provide a strong theoretical basis for nitrogen optimize management of tomato substrate cultivation.更多还原