【摘要】 利用黑河上游干流的主要水文站(札马什克、祁连和莺落峡水文站)近60年的实测径流、输沙及降水资料,采用M-K非参数检验法、累计距平法和相关分析法,研究其水沙输移趋势及成因。结果表明:黑河上游水沙年内分配不均匀,札马什克、祁连水文站径流量有显著增加趋势,输沙量呈缓慢增加趋势;受区间产流产沙及水库拦沙的影响,莺落峡站径流量与输沙量趋势变化完全相反。祁连和莺落峡站降水对径流增加的贡献率在30%以上,水库建设和水土流失对莺落峡站输沙减少的贡献率达101. 5%,水库拦沙是莺落峡水文站输沙量显著减少的主要原因,每年平均淤积90. 65×104t,水土流失也是20世纪90年代以前黑河上游输沙量增加的重要原因。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on the measured runoff,sediment transport and precipitation data of the main hydrological station in the upper reaches of Heihe River basin in the last 60 years,the water and sediment transport trends and causes were studied by the M-K non parametric test,the cumulative anomaly method and the correlation analysis method. The results showed that the distribution of water and sediment within a year was very uneven in the upper reaches of Heihe River,and the runoff took a significant increase trend at the Zhamashike and Qilian hydrological stations. However the sediment transports showed a slowly increasing trend. Affected by the intervening runoff and sediment production and the reservoir ’s interception of sand,the trend of runoff and sediment transport at the Yingluoxia hydrological Station was completely opposite. The contribution rate of precipitation in the Qilian and Yingluoxia hydrological stations was over 30%; the contribution rate of reservoir construction and soil erosion to the reduction of sediment transport at the Yingluoxia hydrological station was 101. 5%. The main reason for the significant reduction in sediment discharge was the silt trapping of reservoir at the Yingluoxia hydrological station,and the average annual siltation sediment was 90. 65 × 104 t. Soil erosion was also an important reason for the increase of sediment discharge in the upper reaches of the Heihe River before the 1990 s.更多还原