【摘要】 以渭河流域为研究区,获取流域内21个气象站1978—2002年20 cm口径蒸发皿和1985—2015年E-601型蒸发器日观测资料,采用线性回归模型重构各站点蒸发皿蒸发数据资料,Mann-Kendall趋势检验与空间插值法分析流域蒸发皿蒸发量的时空变换特征,敏感性分析法定量评估各气象要素对蒸发皿蒸发量变化的贡献。结果表明:流域多年平均蒸发皿蒸发能力低于黄河流域的平均水平,蒸发皿蒸发量介于1 015. 51 705. 6 mm,其空间分布状况表现为由北向南逐渐减少;年蒸发皿蒸发量总体呈增加趋势,变化率为1. 371 mm·a^-1;蒸发皿蒸发量对实际水汽压最敏感;气温是影响蒸发皿蒸发量的主导因子,其贡献率为304. 5%。更多还原

【Abstract】 It is better to quantitative assess the spatiotemporal variation and driving factors of pan evaporation for understanding the hydrological cycle and water resources management. In this study,it was attempted to use the data of daily pan evaporation observed with 20 cm pan from 1978 to 2002 and E-601 evaporator from 1985 to 2015 at 21 meteorological stations in the Weihe River Basin. A linear regression model was used to reconstruct the evaporation data at the observation sites. Spatiotemporal change of pan evaporation was analyzed using the Mann-Kendall test. Sensitivity analysis was employed to evaluate the contribution of meteorological factors to pan evaporation. The results showed that the multi-year average evaporation capacity of the evaporating dish in the study area was lower than that in the Yellow River Basin and the pan evaporation values were 1 015. 5-1 705. 6 mm. the mean annual pan evaporation decreased from the north to the south. The annual mean evaporation increased generally with an increase rate of 1. 371 mm·a^-1 in the whole watershed. The pan evaporation was the most sensitive to the actual vapor pressure. Temperature was the dominant factor affecting pan evaporation,and its contribution rate was approximately 304. 5%.更多还原