【摘要】 为了探明甘肃中部沿黄灌区枣园不同耕作方式对土壤温度、养分状况和果实品质的影响,连续2年设置清耕（CK）、覆盖玉米秸秆（YMG）、覆黑膜（HM）和种植黑麦草（HMC）等耕作方式,测定不同土层（0、20、40、60 cm）土壤温度、养分以及果实品质等指标;并采用主成分分析综合评价,筛选最佳土壤管理模式。结果表明:8月份HMC对不同土层土壤温度均具有明显的降温作用,在20 cm土层,分别较CK、HM、YMG降低了5.93%、5.93%、2.86%。与对照相比,YMG、HM和HMC均能显著提高各土层的土壤速效K、N、P以及硝态氮和有机质含量,其中HMC效果最显著,在20 cm土层处,与CK相比分别提高了12.35%、10.11%、15.48%、23.11%、19.00%。随着土层深度的增加,速效养分含量均呈先上升后下降的趋势,地表0～20 cm处的含量最高,在20 cm土层处,HMC土壤速效K、N、P含量分别为122.24 mg·kg^-1、32.67 g·kg^-1、0.76 mg·kg^-1。与对照相比,YMG、HM和HMC均能不同程度地提高枣果品质,其中HMC对Vc含量、蛋白质含量、可溶性糖含量、枣果横径、枣果纵径、单果重、含水量、可食率的影响显著大于YMG和HM,HMC的Vc含量、蛋白质含量、可溶性糖含量、枣果横径、含水量较YMG分别增加了10.18%、25.23%、9.06%、6.04%、3.73%,较HM分别增加了1.28%、23.01%、1.07%、2.50%、1.71%。主成分分析将16个指标综合分析,提取3个主成分因子6.614、5.485、3.901,代表4种不同耕作方式100%的原始数据信息量。综上所述,不同土壤耕作方式的效果由高到低依次为HMC、HM、YMG和CK,种植黑麦草（HMC）是甘肃中部沿黄灌区枣园土壤管理的推荐模式。更多还原

【Abstract】 The effects of different soil tillage methods on soil temperature, nutrient status, and fruit quality of jujube orchard in the Yellow River Irrigation Area of central Gansu Province were studied. Four different soil tillage methods including clean tillage（CK）, corn straw mulching（YMG）, black plastic film mulching（HM）, and ryegrass mulching（HMC） were conducted. Soil temperature and nutrient status in different soil layers（0, 20, 40 cm, and 60 cm） and fruit quality were investigated. Through the principal component analysis, comprehensive evaluation of determined parameters was conducted to screen the best soil management model. The results showed that: in August, the HMC had a significant effect on the decrease of soil temperature in different soil layers. Compared with CK, HM, YMG, HMC in 20 cm depth of soil were decreased by 5.93%, 5.93%, and 2.86%, respectively. Compared to CK, different mulching models significantly increased available K, N, P, nitrate N, and organic matter contents in soil, in which HMC was the most effective model. Compared with CK, that in 20 cm depth of soil with HMC were increased by 12.35%, 10.11%, 15.48%, 23.11%, and 19.00%, respectively. With the increase in soil depth, the contents of available nutrient firstly increased and then decreased, and the contents in 0～20 cm were the highest. Under HMC treatment, the contents of available K, N, and P in 20 cm depth of soil were 122.24 mg·kg^-1, 32.67 g·kg^-1, and 0.76 mg·kg^-1, respectively. In comparison, YMG, HM, and HMC enhanced the fruit quality of jujube. The effects of HMC on vitamin C content, protein content, soluble sugar content, fruit diameter, fruit longitudinal diameter, fruit weight, water content, and edible rate were significantly greater than those of YMG, and HM. Compared with YMG the contents of vitamin C, protein, soluble sugar, fruit diameter, and water content of HMC increased by 10.18%, 25.23%, 9.06%, 6.04%, and 3.73%, respectively, and those with HM were increased by 1.28%、23.01%、1.07%、2.50%, and 1.71%, respectively. The principal component analysis was used to analyze 16 parameters and extracted 3 principal components（6.614, 5.485, and 3.901）, which represented the 100% original data information of four different soil tillage methods. Comprehensive analysis showed that effects of four tillage methods from high to low were HMC, HM, YMG, and CK, indicating that HMC was the best pattern of soil management for jujube orchard in the Yellow River Irrigation Area of central Gansu Province.更多还原