【摘要】 目的采用婴幼儿辅食营养补充品(营养包)对6-24个月的婴幼儿进行干预,补充婴幼儿生长发育所需的营养素,减少婴幼儿疾病发生情况,改善地震灾区婴幼儿营养状况。探讨运用营养包改善婴幼儿健康的有效机制。方法采用营养包对项目县6-24月龄婴幼儿进行营养补充,实施营养宣教。项目干预周期18个月。对象为汶川、理县、茂县、青川与彭州(9个乡镇)6-24月龄的婴幼儿,共计8 700人。并选择了彭州与青川县进行营养包生物学监测,每县目标人群人数应对300名6-24个月婴幼儿进行监测,抽样方法以PPS的方式在干预的人群中来选择儿童,监测项目包括:身长、体重、血红蛋白。并对其中120人进行膳食问卷调查。干预前进行基线调查,每6个月进行一次生物学监测,直至食用营养包18个月后进行末次监测,共4次。结果从四川省五个县的营养包发放与依从情况来看,发放与依从率较好,发放率为93.52%,依从率为96.72%。第一次生物学监测(2010年5月),两县儿童的生长发育迟缓都较高,11.99%,低体重为4.4%,消瘦为1.52%,缺铁性贫血患病率较高,44.31%。第二次生物学监测(2010年11月),其生长发育迟缓、低体重、消瘦与第一次监测相比变化不大,但贫血率有明显的下降,由44.31%下降到29.45%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=26.85,P<0.001)。结论汶川地震灾区婴幼儿营养改善项目提高了项目干预区的专业人员与儿童父母的营养知识水平,降低了儿童缺铁性贫血患病率,改善了项目区五个县婴幼儿的营养。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To intervene the children from 6 month to 24 month with feeding supplementary food(nutritional packet)by UNICEF,to decrease malnutrition morbidity rate,to improve nutritional status of the children in five quake-stricken counties of Sichuan Province.Methods The project of duration of 18 months covered 8700 infant from 6 month to 24 month in the five quake-stricken counties including Wenchuan,Lixian,Maoxian,Qingchuan and Pingzhou.The children were fed with supplementary food(nutritional packet)by UNICEF and nutrition education were implemented for the parents.Three hundred children from 6 to 24 month were monitored for height,weight and hemoglobin in Qingchuan and Pingxi county by PPS for sampling,surveyed the diet of the 120 children for 4 times by each 6 month.Results The distributing rate of nutritional packet(NP) was 93.5% and compliableness rate was 96.72% in the five counties.The rates of growth retardation,low weight,emaciation were 11.99%,4.4% and 1.52% respectively in the second monitor on November 2010.There was not much variation comparing to in the baseline survey(on May 2010).But iron deficiency anemia rate had decrease from 44.31% to 29.45% and differences had statistical significance(χ2=26.85,P<0.001).Conclusion The level of nutrition knowledge have increased among the children parents and doctors.The rate of iron deficiency anemia has decreased and the nutritional status was improved among the children in the five counties.更多还原