【摘要】 自然灾难事件的发生具有随机性,但是它们所带来的破坏以及社会群体和个体对此表现出来的响应能力和恢复能力却不是随机的。其原因之一,是社会弱点的存在影响着自然灾难的作用结果。资源等空间和地理分布的不均衡造成和增加了社会弱点,弱点的存在影响了灾难威胁、灾难抵抗力和恢复力,不断发现和消除弱点是灾难管理的重要工作。而跨组织合作能消除或缓解资源分布不均和资源匮乏所带来的社会弱点,进而增强灾难管理的效率和效果。本文主要以地震这类常见的自然灾难为例,在分析社会弱点和灾难威胁、灾难抵抗力和恢复力之间的关系以及集中式灾难管理模式弊端的基础上,指出跨组织合作在社会弱点发现和消除以及在灾难管理中的作用,进而从区域内政府机构之间合作、区域间跨组织合作和与第三方组织合作三个方面剖析在自然灾难管理中的跨组织的合作问题,最后围绕社会弱点、跨组织合作为我国政府的灾难管理提出若干建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 Natural events may appear randomly,but their resulting impacts and communities’ and individuals’ capacities during response and recovery process are far from random. One of the reasons is that the vulnerabilities affect the impacts of natural disasters. Unbalanced spatial and geographical distribution of resources causes and increases social vulnerabilities,and the vulnerabilities affect society’s capability of exposure,resistance and resilience in disaster management. Therefore,it is important to find out and eliminate these vulnerabilities continuously. This paper puts forwards that cross-organization collaborations can overcome the vulnerabilities which are caused by unbalanced spatial and geographical distribution of resources. Taking earthquakes for example,this paper firstly analyzes the relationship between social vulnerabilities and society’s exposure,resistance and resilience in disaster management and the drawbacks of central-commanding structure of disaster management,and then points out the func-tions of cross-organization collaborations in discovering and eliminating vulnerabilities and disaster management. Thirdly,it discusses cross-organization collaboration in government emergency management from the perspective of cooperating with different sectors,different administrative areas and third organizations. Finally,it provides some proposes about vulnerabilities and crossorganization collaboration for China’s government’s disaster management.更多还原