【摘要】 【目的】将水葫芦发酵后制作成茄科蔬菜育苗基质,探索水葫芦资源化利用途径。【方法】水葫芦经分拣粉碎、晾晒、发酵等处理,分析其发酵物的养分及重金属含量。将其发酵物粉碎后与珍珠岩、蛭石按3∶1∶1制作育苗基质,采用番茄、辣椒和茄子3种茄科蔬菜种子研究该基质的育苗效果。【结果】水葫芦发酵物总氮、全磷(P2O5)和全钾(K2O)含量分别为1.75(±0.08)%、0.74(±0.09)%和7.87(±0.40)%,与发酵前相比流失15.85%～36.10%;与养分流失情况相反,汞、铅、砷、镉和铬等5种重金属元素含量上升了23.09%～38.52%,其含量仅为有机肥料行业标准限量的1.25%～13.33%。番茄、辣椒和茄子50 d育苗试验表明,3种茄科蔬菜在该基质上的出苗率、根系生长情况与其在优质泥炭土育苗基质上无显著差异,显著好于普通草炭土育苗基质;幼苗株高、鲜重和干重则极显著超过其在优质泥炭土或普通草炭土育苗基质上的情况。【结论】水葫芦经发酵等处理后可以生产出安全、优质的茄科蔬菜育苗基质。更多还原

【Abstract】 【Objective】Water hyacinth was fermented to produce solanaceous vegetable seedling substrate in order to explore the ways of water hyacinth resource utilization. 【Method】Water hyacinth was treated by sorting, crushing,air drying and fermentation. The nutrient and heavy metal content of the fermentation were analyzed. The fermentation of water hyacinth was crushed and then mixed with perlite and vermiculite to prepare seedling substrate at a ratio of 3∶1∶.1.Tomato, pepper and eggplant seeds were used to study the seedling-raising effect of the substrate. 【Result】The contents of total nitrogen, total phosphorus(P2 O5) and total potassium(K2 O) in the fermentation of water hyacinth were 1.75(±0.08)%,0.74(±0.09)% and 7.87(±0.40)%, respectively. Compared with the loss of nutrients before fermentation, the contents of five heavy metals, mercury, lead, arsenic, cadmium and chromium, increased by 23.09%-38.52%, nevertheless, their contents were only the standard of organic fertilizer industry ranging from 15.85% to 36.10%. Nevertheless, the content of heavy metals in fermentation was only 1.25%-13.33% of the maximum limit of organic fertilizer industry standard. The 50-day seedling-raising experiment of tomato, pepper and eggplant showed that the seedling emergence rate and root growth of three solanaceous vegetables on this substrate were not significantly different from those on high-quality peat soil, but significantly better than those on ordinary peat soil. The seedling height, fresh weight and dry weight were significantly higher than those on high-quality peat soil or ordinary peat soil. 【Conclusion】 After fermentation, water hyacinth can be used to produce safe and high quality seedling substrate for solanaceous vegetables.更多还原