【摘要】 分析了炮孔波形减振特征,提出了在相同炮孔地质特征区,对预定地域的最优化的有控干扰减振方法;以及双孔为组,组内爆破振动波时移主频半周起爆,孔间短延时最优干扰减振,为减弱波形随机变化的影响,组间合理长延时爆破的可靠起爆方案。提出了从实测多孔波中提取同区炮孔平均子波的"迭后减前"算法和提取子波收敛判据,由此可以从实测多孔波中,计算出真实的起爆间隔时间,炮孔相同波形子波,异频率子波和异振幅子波,为有控干扰减振和炮孔波形分区,准备了必要前提。工业性生产试验和台阶爆破开采结果表明,在炮孔具有前震相的近频衰减子波的易减振区,有前震相和次峰的衰减子波的可减振区,可以采用本文的干扰减振方法,将群孔的地震动降低到单孔爆破振动以下水平。在易减振区和可减振区,子波振幅比kt在1.0~0.6内变化,不会改变原相同子波的干扰减振效果;干扰两子波的主振相频率比kf在1.0~0.9内随机变化,也能干扰减振。更多还原

【Abstract】 Analyzed characteristic of wave with blast-reduced vibration of blast hole,the method to optimistically control blast-reduced vibration at a predetermined location in same geological area of blastholes has been rainsed.The delayed blasting scheme is optimum,which detonation time of double blastholes in same group is delayed with half period from each other by short delayed ignition and longer delayed ignition between the groups should be reasonable to prevent effect on reducing reliably seism from circumstantial variety of wave.The averaged blasting wave of blastholes is extracted by calculating method "Repeatedly Subtract Front from Behind" and by discriminating with wave optimum collecting together.According to the method the actual delay interval,the equal wave of single blasthole,its wave of different frequency and the wave of different amplitude between double blastholes can be calculated by measuring wave of many blastholes,in order to prepare necessary premise to control blast-induced vibration and to divide different area of wave of single blasthole.Shown by industrial test and work a mine,in area to reduce seism easy,by blasthole in which blasting wave has waning characteristic with front vibrational phase and approximate frequency,and in area able to reduce seism,where blasting wave has waning characteristic with front vibrational phase and second-peak of approximate frequency,the method of controlling blast-induced vibration introduced by this paper will be adopted to reduce seism of many blastholes lower than single.If amplitude ratio kt of single blasthole wave varies between 1.0～0.6,in the area to reduce seism easy and able to reduce it the effect of seism reduced by disturbance will not be changed.If frequency ratio kfat main seismic phase between two waves disturbed varies within 1.0～0.9,in the area the effect of reducing seism still remains and its vibration is lower than single.更多还原