【摘要】 为探析夏热冬冷地区城市街道的空间因子对小气候与人体热舒适的影响及相互作用规律,通过对上海南京东路步行街中典型的风景园林空间按顶面遮蔽方式分为4种空间类型下的12个测点进行冬夏两季小气候实测及热舒适问卷调查,分析不同顶面遮蔽对风景园林小气候风湿热的影响差异,并结合热舒适评价指标的计算和使用者热舒适问卷,评价不同顶面遮蔽空间下人体热舒适感受。结果显示:1)根据热舒适问卷,建筑遮蔽区位于街道北侧的悬挑区在冬季最舒适,夏季最舒适的是树荫全遮蔽区;2)通过改善空间遮蔽程度与类型,根据风向与距街道十字交叉口的距离合理进行街道设计可以对街道中的太阳辐射与风环境产生显著影响,从而改善街道热舒适;3)采用生理等效温度(PET)指标计算的热中性范围冬季是16.90～28.95℃,夏季是9.05～22.57℃;4)PET评价在高温季节低估了风速对热舒适的影响,提出了基于问卷的热舒适预测方程。可为未来城市街道的舒适性规划建设提供经验与参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 To study the influence of spatial factors on microclimate and human body thermal comfort in urban streets of hot summer and cold winter regions and their interaction laws, this paper has observed the microclimates in winter and summer and made thermal comfort questionnaires of the typical landscape space,under the top shelter mode, at 12 measurement points under four spatial types in the pedestrian street of Nanjing East Road, Shanghai. Then it analyzes different influences of various top shelters on the wind, humidity and temperature of the microclimate of the landscape architecture and, along with the calculation of the thermal comfort evaluation index and the user thermal comfort questionnaire, evaluates the human body thermal comfort under different top shelter space. The result shows that: 1) According to the questionnaire, the overhanging area of the building shelter area to the north side of the street is the most comfortable in winter, and the full tree shaded area is the most comfortable in summer. 2) By improving the degree and type of spatial shelter, a reasonable street design according to the wind directions and the distance from the street intersections can significantly affect the solar radiation and wind environment in the streets, thereby improving the thermal comfort of the streets. 3) The thermal neutral temperature range calculated by Physiological Equivalent Temperature(PET) are 16.90～28.95℃ in winter and 9.05～22.57℃ in summer. 4) The PET evaluation has underestimated the influence of wind speed on thermal comfort in the high temperature season. The paper has proposed a thermal comfort prediction equation based on the questionnaires. This research will provide experience and reference for the planning and construction of comfort of urban streets in the future.更多还原