【摘要】 家用消毒剂在日常生活中使用广泛,随生活污水进入水环境后会对水生态系统产生潜在危害。选取2种典型家用消毒剂（有效成分分别为对氯间二甲苯酚和次氯酸钠,前者命名为消毒剂A、后者为消毒剂B）为研究对象,在实验室模拟条件下,开展了其对中国本土实验生物稀有鮈鲫的急性毒性、流水式慢性毒性和酶活性影响研究。结果表明,消毒剂A和B对稀有鮈鲫急性毒性的半数效应浓度96 h-LC₅₀分别为80.12和25.26 mg/L;对稀有鮈鲫幼体生长抑制效应浓度28 d-EC₁₀分别为13.60和15.72 mg/L;消毒剂A和B暴露浓度分别为40和5.6～18 mg/L时,其超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性被显著抑制;消毒剂A和B暴露浓度分别为16～40和18 mg/L时,丙二醛（MDA）含量显著升高;与对照组相比,2种消毒剂各浓度组对过氧化氢酶活性均无显著抑制或诱导,表明SOD活性和MDA含量可在一定程度上反映出典型家用消毒剂带来的氧化胁迫影响。研究结果为典型家用消毒剂的水生态风险评价及中国水质基准制定提供数据支持。更多还原

【Abstract】 Family-use disinfectants are used extensively in daily life.Many disinfectants have toxic effects on aquatic organisms and could cause potential environment risks to aquatic ecosystems after entering the water environment.The acute and fluid-chronic toxicities of two typical family-use disinfectants（the effective components of chloroxylenol and sodium hypochlorite,which is named disinfectant A and disinfectant B,respectively）to rare minnow were tested and researched in laboratory simulation.In order to preliminarily explore the toxicity mechanism of two disinfectants on rare minnow,the activity of SOD,CAT and MDA content in fish were determined.The results showed that the 96 h-LC₅₀of disinfectant A and B is80.12 and 25.26 mg/L,respectively,in the acute toxicity.28 d-EC₁₀of disinfectant A is 13.60 mg/L while that of disinfectant B is 15.72 mg/L respectively.SOD activity was significantly inhibited at the exposure concentration of disinfectant A 40mg/L and disinfectant B 5.6～18 mg/L.MDA content was significantly increased at the exposure concentration of disinfectant A（16～40 mg/L）and disinfectant B（18 mg/L）.The CAT activity of disinfectant A and B was not significantly inhibited or induced.This indicates that SOD activity and MDA content could reflect the oxidative stress of typical household disinfectants to some extent.The results of this study can provide basic data for the environment risk assessment of water of typical familyuse disinfectants.更多还原