【摘要】 文章针对农作物秸秆制备栽培基质的pH、EC值偏高和通气、持水孔隙度比例不当等问题,研究了稻草秸秆基质化利用过程理化性质的改良技术。以稻草秸秆、菇渣高温堆制及其堆腐物为常规对照,采用在高温好氧堆腐及穴盘育苗试验的方法,研究酒糟添加及物料组成对基质理化性质、幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,在堆腐阶段稻草秸秆+菇渣+酒糟处理的堆腐高温(>50℃)维持天数较稻草秸秆+菇渣处理多13 d(P<0.05),平均堆腐温度较稻草秸秆+菇渣高9.3℃(P<0.05),稻草秸秆+菇渣+酒糟处理较稻草秸秆+菇渣处理腐熟物pH、EC值分别下降14.0%、16.5%,稻草秸秆+菇渣+酒糟处理提高了堆肥体的起始发芽指数;与对照相比稻草秸秆+菇渣+酒糟处理促进了堆腐进程,腐熟物更适宜于基质应用。2种腐熟物分别组配无机物珍珠岩后,均显著降低了EC值(P<0.05),通气孔隙度、持水孔隙度等物理性质也得到改善(P<0.05),综合幼苗地上、地下部生长特性,稻草秸秆+菇渣+酒糟处理组配珍珠岩后的育苗效果优于对照。采用农作物秸秆堆腐制备基质时,酒糟的加入能有效改善腐熟物中pH、EC值等不良理化性质,为农业废弃物的基质化利用提供了方法。更多还原

【Abstract】 To solve the high pH and EC value as well as the inappropriate aeration and porosity in straws and mushroom residue preparation and cultivation substrates, the improvement of the physicochemical properties of rice straw matrix was studied during the process of utilization. To determine the effect of alcohol addition and material composition on the physicochemical properties of the substrate and seedling growth, the method of high temperature and aerobic composting as well as seedling raising were used, with the straw mixed with mushroom residue as control(CK). The results showed that during composting,the duration of high temperature(>50 ℃), the straw + mushroom + distillers’ grain treatment maintained 13 days more than that of straw + mushroom treatment(P<0.05), the average heap rot temperature was 9.3 ℃ higher than straw + mushroom treatment(P<0.05). Straw + mushroom + distillers’ grain treatment decreased the pH and EC value by 14.0% and 16.5%,respectively, and increased the index of initial germination. Compared with the control, straw + mushroom + distillers’ grain treatment promoted the composting process, which is more suitable for matrix application. Two fermented substrate mixed with inorganic perlite both significantly decreased EC value(P<0.05). The physicochemical properties such as the vent porosity and water holding porosity were improved(P<0.05). From the perspective of seedling shoot and root growth, straw + mushroom + distillers’ grain combined with inorganic perlite treatment showed better performance than CK. The addition of distiller’s grains can effectively improve pH, EC and other undesirable physicochemical properties of the decomposed materials,providing a method for the use of agricultural waste as a substrate.更多还原