【摘要】 基于有限元法研究了土坯民房的地震响应特征,提出了实施土坯民房震害防治的对策性建议。地震动由结构底部向上传播时,低频部分被墙体吸收,水平加速度逐渐增大,揭示了低破坏性地震动损伤土坯民房屋盖系统、高破坏性地震动损坏土坯民房承重构件,进而导致整体结构损毁的动力机制。砖柱(木柱)承重土坯民房的地震响应大于墙体承重土坯民房,后者最大剪应力集中在中间开间的横墙和纵墙的连接处,最大主应力集中在中间开间的横墙上;前者最大剪应力集中在横墙和柱的连接处,最大主应力集中在中间开间的柱体上部。由于2种结构类型土坯民房的薄弱环节有所不同,地震时的致灾原因亦存在差异。更多还原

【Abstract】 The characteristics of structural response of rural adobe-structure buildings to earthquakes have been analyzed with the finite element method(FEM) to provide suggestions on policy for prevention of seismic disaster.The seismic response analysis shows that the part of seismic energy in the lower range of frequency is absorbed by adobe-walls and the horizontal acceleration is magnified in the upward propagation of the seismic wave.The result reveals the seismic damage mechanism that a small earthquake is likely to destroy the roof of adobestructure buildings whereas a large one may selectively destroy the load-bearing components,i.e.walls or columns,which results in the collapse of the overall building.The seismic response of an adobe-structure building with brick/wood columns as the load-bearing component is much larger than that of a similar building with its walls as the load-bearing component.In the standard middle room, the former has the maximal shearing stress at joints of columns and cross-filled walls,and the maximal principal stress on tops of columns;the latter has the maximal shearing stress at joints of longitudinal and transverse walls,and the maximal principal stress in transverse walls,in the middle room as well.The seismic damage mechanisms of the two types of adobe-structure buildings are different since they have different weak sections.更多还原