【摘要】 简要回顾和初步分析了中国大陆百年(1901～2001年)浅源地震活动(MS≥6.0)及生命损失的某些特征.1901～2001年中国大陆发生约420次6级以上的浅源强震,其中88%发生在大陆西部.其原因可能与西部活动地块的变形与运动相对强烈有关;大陆西部的平均震源深度(25km)比东部(16km)的深,这可能与大陆西部地壳厚度比东部明显的厚有关;震源深度随深度的不均匀分布,可能与地壳断层摩擦学和流变学性质随深度变化有关;大陆浅源强震活动呈现时空群集的过程;反映地震强度分布的震级(MS)频度(Nc)关系是lgNc=8.64-0.99MS.在1901～2001年间地震造成生命损失约60余万人,其中,河北省和宁夏回族自治区损失最大,地震死亡人数分别约是250700和246200人;地震死亡人数与地震震级的统计关系并没有显示出一种良好的线性相关关系,表明地震生命损失除了与地震释放的能量和地面震动大小有关外,还应与地震发生的时间、地震区的建筑物破坏程度和人口密度等多种因素直接相关.地震死亡人数(D)及其事件的累计频度(Nc)的关系是lgNc=2.40-0.39lgD,表明地震死亡人数的分布是分形的.更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper reviews and analyses briefly the general characteristics of shallow strong earthquakes (M_S≥6.0, focal depth h≤70 km) in space, time and magnitude and earthquake fatalities of Chinese mainland in the centenary from 1901 to 2001. During the period from 1901 to 2001, there occurred about 420 strong shallow earthquakes with magnitude M_S≥6.0, 88% of them occurred in the western part of the mainland, which might be related to the strong deformation and motion of the active blocks in the western part. The average focal depth (25 km) in the western part is deeper than that (16 km) in the eastern part, which might be related to obviously thicker crustal thickness in the western part. The inhomogeneous distribution of focal depths with the depth profile is related to the variation of frictional and rheologic characteristics with depth in the crust. The shallow strong earthquake activity of Chinese mainland shows a tempo-spatial clustering process. The relation between earthquake magnitude M_S and cumulative frequency N_c is lgN_c=8.64-0.99M_S. About 600 000 people died by the earthquakes of Chinese mainland from 1901 to 2001, the most serious earthquake live losses occurred in Hebei Province (250 723 people died) and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (246 269 died). There is no a statistically linear relationship between earthquake live losses and magnitudes. The statistical relationship between the earthquake deaths D and cumulative frequency N_c is lgN_c=2.40- 0.39lgD, which shows a fractal distribution.更多还原