【摘要】 活动构造研究中获得的相关速率是解释活动构造运动方式和幅度的重要基础,同时也能够提供检验和建立有关运动学和动力学模型的必要参数。原地宇宙成因核素年代学是近几十年来随着加速质谱的出现而逐渐发展并不断广泛应用于地学,特别是地表过程以及活动构造研究中来的。由于仪器测试费用高以及处理流程比较复杂,国内早期相关研究没有得以广泛开展,然而目前正呈现逐渐升温的趋势。在样品采集以及精细野外地质调查测量的基础上,活动构造研究中的活动断裂运动速率,活动构造区的河流水系侵蚀下切速率以及古地震事件,活动火山喷发事件等均可以通过原地宇宙成因核素年代学定量约束。文中在概述原地宇宙成因核素年代学基本原理的基础上,总结了国内外有关该年代学在活动构造研究应用中的最新成果和资料,重点介绍了基于原地宇宙成因核素年代学方法获取和解释活动构造研究中相关速率的成果。更多还原

【Abstract】 Active tectonics studies focus on the active faults,active folds,active basins and the crustal and lithosphere blocks confined by the above-mentioned active structures.Tectonic deformation style,magnitude,and corresponding rate determined by active tectonic studies are fundamental for testing and constructing some kinematic and kinetic models.And these rates are necessary boundary conditions for testing and proposing the kinematic and kinetic models.Therefore,active tectonic rates must be quantified for better understanding and interpreting the above key models.Terrestrial in situ cosmogenic nuclides(TCNs)dating techniques have been discovered and developed for decades following the AMS emergence.And then they were widely utilized for geological issues,especially for the geomorphic processes and active tectonics.Production rates of cosmogenic nuclides can change spatially and temporally,therefore,they must be corrected before being applied and interpreted.During the field investigation,the influences such as sample depth,height,latitude and shielding features,intermittent covering and sample location shifting,should be carefully and impersonally considered because of their necessity for applying the results.Based on the samples and detailed field investigation,slip rates of the active faults,river incision rates within active domain,paleoearthquake events and active volcanic eruption events can be constrained by TCNs dating.Active fault slip rate is widely utilized for paleoearthquake research and earthquake prediction,and many classic models for plateau uplift and evolution were conceived based on distribution features and slip rates of active faults.While the river incision processes within active orogen are becoming key issues for studying tectonic and fluvial geomorphology.The incision process and its rate are one of the new insights for understanding the tectonic uplift and climatic change processes.Paleoearthquake and historical earthquake studies can provide the parameters for earthquake recurrence interval,and for consequent earthquake prediction and mitigating earthquake disasters.Besides the above active rates,the volcanic eruption events during the Quaternary can help us know the relative tectonic activities,crustal and mantle geochemistry process and landscape evolution history.After briefly introducing the basic theory of TCNs,the present paper will generalize recent results and data by TCNs dating in active tectonic studies,and then put its emphasis on the procedure and consequent interpretation for these active tectonic rates.更多还原