【摘要】 实验室模拟地球深部的温度和压力环境,研究地球相关材料的物理和化学性质,是解释地震波数据、进一步了解地球内部结构和动力学过程的重要途径。用高功率的红外激光光束,加温金刚石对顶砧压腔(DAC)中的样品,可以获得深部地幔乃至地核的极端温度和压力条件,已广泛地用于地球深部矿物的相变、熔融和状态方程研究。同步辐射微束技术的发展,为激光加温DAC技术的应用开辟了新的领域,也使地幔及地核条件下的矿物研究有了重要的突破。文章介绍激光加温DAC技术的发展;阐述高温高压原位的同步辐射X射线衍射方法;例举激光加温DAC技术在地球深部物质研究中的一些应用;并对一些关键的技术问题加以分析和讨论。更多还原

【Abstract】 The study of the physical and chemical properties of Earth’s materials using experiments that simulate high-pressure and high-temperature conditions is an important method to elucidate the seismic wave data and to understand the structure and the dynamic processes in the deep Earth.A sample in the diamond anvil cell (DAC) is heated by the powered infrared laser beam to simulate the extreme conditions of high pressure and high temperature similar to those in the mantle, and even the core of the Earth. Thus it is possible to study phase transformations, melting curves and equation of state of minerals of the Earth’s interior. The improvement of synchrotron X-ray micro-beam technique creates the field of application for the laser-heated diamond anvil cell, and have made important progress in the research on minerals that exist in the Earth’s mantle and core. This paper introduces the developments of the laser-heated diamond anvil cell technique and the in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction method under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions. We illustrate the applications of laser-heated DAC technique to the research on the Earth’s interior materials, and discuss key technical problems.更多还原