【摘要】 二氧化碳地质封存(CO2Capture and Storage,CCS)项目应当评估诱发地震的潜在可能性。中强震、强震危及人类生命财产安全,有感地震甚至微震也对CO2储区的盖层完整性构成威胁,增加泄漏风险。地热开发、页岩气开发及油气增产等的水压致裂过程中都伴随有地下流体的注入,且时有地震诱发的案例。诱发地震活动通常在流体注入压力较高时沿已有断层发生,因此可通过应力分析等对其发生机理进行研究。超临界状态CO2密度比水小,在地层深部可能会形成密度流或者与构造中先存的水岩发生相互作用,进而导致渗透率和压力变化并引发地震活动。综述了全球相关的研究进展,主要从地震成因机理入手,考虑超临界CO2性质的特殊性,结合商业尺度和实验尺度的流体注入项目和地震监测分析,研究其对储区盖层完整性的影响。以期通过适当的选址、注入方法及监测方案的优化来避免破坏性地震的发生。更多还原

【Abstract】 CO2capture and storage projects must consider the potential possibility ofinjection induced seismicity. Moderate earthquakes and strong earthquakes may endanger human life and property,and even felt earthquakes and microquakes also pose a threat to seal integrity of CO2 reservoir and increase the risk of leakage. Undergroundfluid injection induced seismicityusually happens in some geoengineering projects such as waste fluid disposal,EOR and EGS,and it occurs when fluid is injected along the fault. Therefore,it can be studied through stress analysis.The density of supercritical CO2 is smaller than water,which may develop density flow in the deep strata or waterrock interactions in pre-existing structures,and cause the variation in permeability and pressure to induce a seismic activity. In this paper,we reviewed the mechanism of undergroundfluid injection induced seismicity with the focus of CCS,combined with fluid injection projects and seismic monitoringanalysis in both commercialscale and experimental scale,to investigate its impact on the integrity of the cap rock of the reservoir. Finally,we summarized the appropriate site selection,injection methods and monitoring programs to prevent the occurrence of inducedseismicity.更多还原