【摘要】 地震是一种灾害性的地质事件。地震及其引发的海啸、重力流可以形成震积岩、海啸岩和震浊积岩。在地震过程中 ,震积作用可以形成特殊的构造标志 (地震断裂层、地裂缝、微同沉积断裂、微褶皱纹理、重力断层等 )、沉积和成岩标志 (砂岩脉、泥岩脉、泥晶脉 ,即磨牙 ( molar tooth)构造、枕状层、砂火山、泥火山、同沉积变形构造、丘状层理等 )。地震沉积组合包括原地震积岩 ( A,包括震裂岩、震褶岩、自碎屑角砾岩、内碎屑副角砾岩等 )、海啸岩 ( B,由具丘状层理、平行层理的碎屑岩或内碎屑灰岩组成 )、震浊积岩 ( C,由具块状层理、递变层理或玻马序列的粗碎屑岩或碎屑灰岩组成 )及背景沉积 ( D) 4个单元 ,它们组合成 A- B- C- D、A- B- D、A- C- D、A- D、B- D、C- D等 6种类型的沉积序列。更多还原

【Abstract】 Earthquake is a disaster event in Earth crust. Earthquake, tsunami and turbidity flow induced by earthquake can form seismites, tsunamites and seismoturbidites. During earthquake, some especial deformation structures (fracture grading bed, fracture uniform bed, syn sedimentary microfracture, micro corrugated lamination, gravity fault etc.) and sedimentary and diagenitic structure (sandstone vein, mudstone vein, micritic vein, i.e. molar tooth structure, pillow bed, sandy volcano, muddy volcano, penecontemporneous deformation structures and hummocky bedding) are formed. Seism deposits consist of 3 types of sedimentary units. Unit A is autochthonous seismites, which consists of seismic corrugated rock, shattering rock, and autoclastic breccia and intraclast parabreccia. Unit B is tsunamite, which is composed of pebble sandstone, sandstone and intraclastic limestone with hummocky bedding or swaley bedding and parallel bedding. Unit C is seismoturbidites or megaturbidite, which is composed of coarse clastics and intraclastic limestone with massive bedding, graded bedding or Bouma sequence. Aforesaid units and background deposits (Unit 4) constitute 6 types of sedimentary sequences: A B C D、A B D、A C D、A D、B D、C D.更多还原