【摘要】 北京时间2011年3月11日13时46分(05∶46UTC)日本东北部近海(38.3°N,142.4°E)发生Mw9.0级特大地震,此次地震的强度为日本近1200a来最强.随后环太平洋的数十个国家和地区的验潮站和海啸监测浮标均监测到了强震引发的越洋海啸,海啸奔袭23h到达南美洲的智利沿岸;此次海啸除了对近场的日本东北部沿岸地区造成了巨大灾害,还对太平洋东岸的部分国家和地区造成了一定程度的影响.地震发生4h后海啸波到达我国台湾东部沿海,6～8h海啸波到达我国大陆东南沿海,受此影响我国发布了第一份海啸蓝色警报.本文利用海啸数值模型对此次地震海啸的产生、越洋传播过程进行了数值模拟,给出了海啸波能量在我国近海及泛太平洋区域分布特征;同时重点模拟分析了海啸波在日本及中国近海传播的波动特征,模拟结果与观测数据吻合良好.最后通过对数值模拟结果的分析,阐述了此次海啸对中国的影响,给出了潜在的日本地震海啸对中国的风险估计.更多还原

【Abstract】 The Mw=9.0 megathrust earthquake rocked off the northeast coast of Honshu Japan(38.3°N,142.4°E) on March 11,2011 at 13 ∶ 46 Beijing time,which was the most strong earthquake for the past 1200 years in Japan history.A teletsunami was triggered by the huge earthquake and then propagated across the entire Pacific in less than 23 hrs.Tsunami waves were subsequently recorded by a large number of tide gauges throughout the Pacific Ocean and Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunami(DART) buoys in the Pacific Ocean.Tsunami not only caused tremendous damage to the northeast coast of Japan,but also impacted a certain extent of some nations and regions which are located on the east Pacific Coast.The initial tsunami wave arrived in the east coast of Taiwan 4 hours later and the southeast coast of Mainland China about 6～8 hours later.The first Tsunami Warning(Phase: Blue) was issued for the event in China.The aim of the present work is to simulate the tsunami generating,propagating throughout the Pacific Ocean,to attain the tsunami energy spatial distribution in the Pacific region and China offshore.We mainly focus on tsunami wave propagation scenarios around Japan and China coastal areas.The simulation results fit well with the observational data.Impact of this event on China coasts was represented quantitatively based on the simulation results and also evaluation of potential risk from Honshu Japan tsunami was implemented.更多还原