【摘要】 海洋地震勘探中多次波非常发育,如何合理处理多次波是一个很重要的课题.本文首先对海上多次波的产生机理、分类及识别方式进行了回顾,然后对目前国内外发展的多次波处理技术进行了总结.文中从将多次波作为噪音和将多次波视为有效信息,即多次波压制与成像这两个方面分别进行了总结.多次波在一次波成像中的严重干扰推动了多次波压制技术的不断发展,主要发展了基于滤波理论和基于波动理论的两大类多次波压制方法,但是综合考虑计算效率和多次波压制精度,近年来,将两种方法相结合成为一种新的发展趋势;而多次波作为来自地下界面的真实反射也包含了丰富的地下信息,目前,诸多地球物理学家分别从对多次波进行单独成像和对一次波和多次波联合成像的角度对多次波的有效利用开展了大量研究,结果显示利用多次波可以获取比一次波更多的地下信息,但是该技术发展还不够成熟,这将需要广大地球物理工作者继续开展深入的研究.更多还原

【Abstract】 In marine seismic exploration,the processing of abundant offshore multiple is a very important issue.In this paper,we firstly reviewed the generation mechanism,classification and identification methods of offshore multiple,and then summarized the multiple processing techniques developed at home and abroad.Here,we give a summary of both multiple attenuation and multiple imaging methods,which consider the multiple respectively as noise and valid information.In order to remove the severe interference that multiple brought in primary imaging,the multiple suppression technologies are constantly proposed.The mainly developed technologies can be divided into two categories,methods based on filtering theory and methods based on wave-equation theory.But considering both the computational efficiency and the precision of multiple suppression,in recent years,the combination of these two methods has become a new trend.As we all know,the multiple is also true reflection from the underground interface,they also contain a wealth of information about the subsurface,so lots of geophysicists carried out numerous studies on the use of multiples,respectively from two aspects,one is imaging of multiples separately based on the theory of multiple prediction,and the other aspect is joint imaging of primaries and multiples.Results show that the use of multiples can get more information than the primary imaging,but the development of the technology is still not mature enough,deep researches are still needed.更多还原