【摘要】 本文对近些年微地震压裂监测主要方法的研发现状从地震学角度做了简要的回顾和评论,讨论了它们的观测和处理手段的可行性与局限性;特别是依据已有观测事实,讨论了在地表布设千台地震仪(检波器)以内的地震台网时,拾取压裂破裂弹性波到时进而实施定位的可能性.文中强调了:研发和评价任何微震压裂监测方法,应当明确压裂产生的大量微小震级破裂和它们具有剪切成分的特性,也要顾及日常生产应用的要求和一般监测环境.井中邻近监测和实施传统定位处理,在检波器阵距压裂点几百米内,信噪比高,应是目前精度较高的最可靠的方法;若数据处理得好,它虽然不大可能作为日常手段,但可用于科研和检验其它方法.对地表大规模阵列式监测,定位处理因成功率较低和施工复杂似乎不能用作日常手段;若实施叠加或偏移处理,即使使用单分量阵也要顾及初动极性,以及最好避免大批量的非安静点的设置.微破裂向量扫描应当是可行的,但仍然需要进一步完善以克服其局限性.更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper discusses the currently principal methods of microseismic monitoring for hydro-fracturing in respect of seismology,of which the feasibility and limitation are analyzed,based on the characteristics of hydro-fracture consisting of numerous of micro-fractures and shear ruptures,and the requirements from oil fields and detection environment.Especially on the surface,the possibility of picking arrivals of elastic wave emitting from microseismic sources is discussed.The down-hole detection and traditional hypocenter location may be the best way with relatively greater ratio of single to noise and lower location error,but it may not be performed as a routine,even though as scientific and technical test to other methods,due to the limitations of required short distance between monitoring well and hypocenters,and higher cost.The large scale array covering a target volume like exploration on surface with a lower success ratio when using traditional hypocenter location and with higher cost,can be also hard as a routine,even though people overcome its limitations of lower frequency of seismometers like exploration,and stacking data with considering arrival polarizations for shear slips when using Semblance stacking.The technique of vector scanning may be feasible but still requires further development and perfection.更多还原