【摘要】 岩石摩擦实验是断层力学和震源物理实验研究中主要的手段之一.传统低速率的岩石摩擦实验与以之为基础建立的速率状态变量摩擦本构关系理论体系,对于认识断层摩擦滑动稳定性和地震成核等地震成因机制问题具有重要意义.近20年来,断层力学领域兴起了用于模拟断层同震动态滑动的岩石高速摩擦实验.这种新的实验模拟方法揭示出断层同震滑动存在明显的摩擦生热效应,断层的力学性状主要表现为显著的滑移弱化和速度弱化,断层带物质在断层高速滑移过程中经历了各种复杂的物理化学变化.这些研究成果对于认识和评估断层同震弱化机制、断层带强度、地震能量分配、断层破裂模式、断层愈合等问题均具有重要启示.本文对岩石高速摩擦实验的意义、方法与研究进展进行了总结,提出了目前的前沿性问题和值得开展的工作.更多还原

【Abstract】 Rock frictional experiment is one of the main approaches in fault mechanics research and experimental studies of physics of earthquake foci.The traditional low-velocity frictional experiment and theoretical system of rate-and state-variable friction law which is based on those experimental work,are of great significance to understand stability of fault frictional sliding,earthquake nucleation and other issues related to earthquake mechanism.In the recent 20 years,high-velocity frictional experiment has emerged to simulate dynamic motion of coseismic fault in the research field of fault mechanics.This new experimental simulation method reveals that coseismic fault sliding causes obvious frictional heating.The fault mechanical behavior in this case is characterized by notable slip weakening and velocity weakening,and fault zone materials undergo a variety of complicated physical-chemical changes during high-velocity sliding.These research findings have significant implications for understanding and evaluating dynamic fault weakening mechanisms,faults zone strength,earthquake energy budgets,fault rupture mode,fault healing,etc.This paper summarizes the significance,technological method and research progress of high-velocity frictional experiment,and proposes several frontier issues and worthwhile research work.更多还原