【摘要】 海底地震仪(Ocean Bottom Seismograph,OBS)技术是近年发展起来的主要用于海洋地震监测、海底结构调查和海洋油气资源勘探的地球物理技术,其发展前景与OBS仪器本身的发展及OBS数据处理技术的进展息息相关.目前,OBS数据处理主要采用广角地震测深数据处理方法,辅以天然地震层析成像技术,并最终反演深部速度结构.本文简要概括了OBS的发展历程;并以2010年和2011年渤海海陆联测中两条OBS测线的实际数据处理以及部分学者在OBS数据处理中所取得的进展为实例详细介绍了OBS数据处理流程中的频谱分析及其应用,环境噪音分析,增益、带通滤波和反褶积等常规处理,时间校正,震相拾取及反演处理;对OBS在海洋油气资源探测中的应用情况和发展趋势进行了讨论.通过频谱分析发现气枪信号优势频带范围为3～15Hz,OBS垂直分量近偏移距频谱能客观反映OBS与海底的耦合情况;通过噪音分析发现OBS记录的噪音强度与水深和偏移距成反比,并与海底沉积环境密切相关.OBS数据处理方法与平台建设任重道远,也是OBS技术更早进入油气资源探测领域的关键环节之一,应进行深入研究.更多还原

【Abstract】 he technology of ocean bottom seismograph(OBS) was an newly developed geophysics technology,and it was mainly used in the monitoring of ocean seismic,the surveying of ocean bottom structure and the detection of offshore oil and gas.The prospect of this technology is closely linked with the development of OBS instrument and the progress of OBS data processing.Presently,the processing of OBS data mainly uses the wide-angle seismic sounding data processing method,complementary with natural seismic tomography imaging technology,and eventually inversed the deep velocity structure.This paper makes a simple summarization on the evolution of OBS at the beginning;then introduces the data processing methods of OBS in detail,such as spectrum analysis and its application;environment noise analysis;gain,band-pass filtering,deconvolution and some other conventional processing;time correction;seismic phase picking and inversion methods,based on the instance of the OBS data processing of Bohai onshore-offshore seismic survey in 2010 and 2011 and the development on OBS data processing achieved by some other scholars.Furthermore,this paper makes a discussion on the application and the development tendency of OBS in the detection of offshore oil and gas.Through the spectrum analysis,we found that the advantage frequency band of air gun signal is 3~15 Hz,and the near offset spectrum of vertical component of OBS record can objectively reflect whether the OBS and the sea floor are well coupled with each other.While through the noise analysis,we found that the noise strength will decrease when depth and offset increase,and noise level is closely related to the sedimentary environment.This article thinks that OBS data processing and platform construction still have a long way to go,and they are one of the key link in the introduction of OBS to exploration of oil-gas resources earlier,which need much more forward research work.更多还原