【摘要】 针对地震反演薄储层的厚度预测多解性强,且难以适应碳酸盐岩溶洞储层地层横向突变的状况,难以满足该类储层定量描述和储量计算的要求等问题.在综合考虑到溶洞型储层顶底地震反射对偶响应的特点、以及深入分析了储层厚度变化与合成地震记录波形和能量的变化特征,而提出了一种储层地震响应特征建立与厚度定量预测的方法即为建立储层厚度谱.该方法主要关键技术是:地震子波精确提取、一组不同储层厚度变化与合成地震响应模型库的建立、在镶边余弦平方衰减梯度函数约束下构建地震波形和能量特征双重约束的储层厚度谱、预测误差分析以及储层厚度三维定量预测.该方法的特点是充分利用储层厚度变化引起的波形和能量的差异,不需要井约束和层位约束,克服了部分人为干扰,减少了预测多解性.预测结果的垂向分辨率突破了传统的1/4波长的限制,一般可达1/20～1/40波长,对于最难预测的薄互层也能达到1/8波长.实际资料表明该方法对于非均质储层等特殊储层预测有较好的推广和应用价值.更多还原

【Abstract】 Aimming at the problems such as the seismic inversion has strong multiple solutions for the thickness prediction of thin-bed reservoir,and the constrained seismic inversion is difficult to adapt the horizontal change of the layers for carbonate cavity reservoir prediction,and hardly meets the requirements of quantitative description and reserve calculation.By overall considering the pairing seismic characters of the reservoir’s top and bottom reflections,and analyzing the characteristics of reservoir thickness changes with synthetic waveform and energy,a building reservoir thickness spectrum and thickness quantitative prediction technique is proposed in this paper.The technique mainly includes: accurately extracting seismic wavelet,building seismic responses of models with various-different thickness reservoirs,building the reservoir thickness spectrum with constrains of waveform and energy characteristics by border using cosine factor,analyzing of prediction error,and 3D reservoir thickness quantitative predictions.The method makes full use of the differences from the reservoir seismic responses between waveform and energy caused by thickness changes,does not need constrained by well and horizon data,overcomes partly human disturbance and lowers multiplicity.Vertical resolution of prediction breaks through limit of λ/4,usually up to λ/20~λ/40,also up to λ/8 for thin beds.(λ is wavelength).Theoretic simulations and actual data applications proposed that the method has a good application and popularization for the heterogeneous reservoirs of carbonate rocks.更多还原