【摘要】 常规地面地震由于低分辨率和缺乏详细的速度信息已不能满足精细勘探开发的需要,为此,针对地质情况极其复杂的火山岩储层,开展高分辨率三维地震的应用尝试就更为必要.本文基于零井源距VSP、8方向的Walkaway VSP、3D VSP和全方位地面三维地震的联合采集、处理及解释,探讨了采集观测方案设计的合理性和处理方案的合理有效性,并在此基础上开展了构造解释、火山机构识别、裂缝预测及火山岩储层含气检测.通过本次研究取得了五点认识:一是发展完善了零井源距VSP、3D VSP与Walkaway VSP的联合处理技术,零井源距VSP与地面地震的叠前补偿和反褶积方法,以及完备的质量监控方式;二是采用VSP及合成地震记录联合标定的方法进行层位标定及由点到线、由线到面的空间立体构造精细解释,提高了构造解释精度;三是应用平面振幅、频率、相位、相干以及波形聚类等地震属性可进行火山锥有效识别;四是分析认为本区裂缝发育带与火山锥及断层的分布具有密切的相关性,火山锥处裂缝密度最大,断层区次之;五是应用AVO截距属性随炮检距的变化判断气层并不是绝对的,结合泊松比属性可以进行火山岩有利气层预测.更多还原

【Abstract】 Because of low-resolution and lack of detailed velocity information,the conventional surface seismic has not meet the needs of Fine exploration and development.for this reason,Attempt to apply high-resolution 3D seismic is even more necessary for Volcanic reservoir,which geological conditions extremely complex.This article based on Zero-well spacing VSP,8 direction Walkaway VSP,3D VSP and Full three-dimensional surface seismic Joint acquisition,processing and interpretation,Discussed rationality of Acquisition Observations design and reasonable efficiency of processing Program,and carried out Structural interpretation,Identification of Volcanic organization, fracture prediction and gas detection of volcanic reservoir on the basis of this.Obtained a five-point understanding by this study:First,Developed and improved Joint processing technology of the Zero-well spacing VSP,3D VSP and 8 direction Walkaway VSP,and Prestack compensation and Deconvolution method of Zero-well spacing VSP and surface seismic,and complete Quality control methods;Second,Horizon calibration used Joint calibration of VSP and Synthetic Seismic records,and from the point to line,from line to a plane,Three-dimensional space Fine structural interpretation,improved the precision of structural interpretation;Third,it was effective to identificate volcanic cone by plane amplitude,frequency,phase,coherence,and Wave Cluster etc,a variety of seismic attributes;Fourth, analysised that Fracture zone and the distribution of volcanic cones and faults is closely related in this area,fracture density is the highest at volcanic cones,followed by the fault zone;Fifth,determining gas by the changes of AVO intercept attribute with the offset is not absolute,it was feasible to predict distribution of the volcanic favorable gas reservoir Joint Poisson’s ratio attribute.更多还原