【摘要】 堆肥是农林废弃物资源化利用的重要途径之一,可以有效地转化和利用生物能源。在堆肥过程中生物酶能转化有机质,形成植物与微生物所需的能量与矿质元素,促进物质循环和能量流动。因此,研究堆肥过程中生物酶活性的变化特征可以为农林废弃物资源化利用提供有效的数据与理论支持。食用菌菌糠富含纤维素、木质素等有机质,以及氮、磷、钾等营养成分。以香菇菌糠为底料、鸡粪和羊粪为辅料、EM复合菌为起始菌剂进行菌糠堆肥试验,监测了脲酶活性、蔗糖酶活性和纤维素酶活性的变化特征。研究结果表明:(1)鸡粪对脲酶活性和蔗糖酶活性提升显著,混合粪对蔗糖酶活性提升显著;(2)鸡粪添加后,三种酶活性之间呈显著正相关关系;(3)酶活性随堆肥时间变化呈先上升后下降的趋势,pH与酶活性负相关,EC与酶活性正相关。研究结论显示鸡粪比羊粪更适合用作菌糠堆肥辅料,且最佳堆肥配方为XG︰JF︰HZ︰YK︰HS︰CM=6︰2︰1︰1︰1︰1。未来的工作中,有必要进一步研究菌糠堆肥过程中的其他酶活性及其控制因素,这将有助于推进食用菌菌糠的资源化利用进程(比如有机肥生产)。更多还原

【Abstract】 Background, aim, and scope The total amount of spent mushroom substrate(SMS) has been increased continuously over the past decades. The current SMS disposals include burning, spreading, burying and landfilling. But all these disposals will cause significant waste of resources as we as environmental pollution. SMS is also rich in organic matter and nutrient, which can be effectively recycled by composting. Microbial extracellular enzymes play critical roles on the degradation of organic matter and the releasing of nutrients. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to investigate enzyme activities and their underlying mechanisms during SMS composting. These results will provide effective data and theoretical support for the resource utilization of agricultural and forestry residues. Materials and methods SMS composting was carried out at Northwestern Polytechnical University in 2017. In this study, we investigated the effects of different kinds of manure addition on urease activity, invertase activity and cellulase activity along the SMS composting. The experiment treatments are chicken manure(JF), sheep manure(YF) and a combination of JF and YF additions. The pH value and electric conductivity(EC) were also measured along the composting and enzyme measurements. Results Chicken manure addition significantly increased urease activity and invertase activity by 15.74% and 111.49%, respectively. Mixed manure addition(combination of chicken manure and sheep manure addition) significantly increased invertase activity by 111.60%. The three kinds of enzymes activities were significantly correlated with each other after the chicken manure addition. The pH was negatively correlated with the enzyme activities, while EC was positively correlated with the enzyme activities. Discussion As one of the most effective ways to recycle the agricultural and forestry residues, effective composting strategy was one of the research hotspots during the recent years. Extracellular enzymes catalyze the decomposition and depolymerization of organic matter, playing crucial roles in promoting the nutrient cycles. Therefore, it is likely to increase the composting efficiency by enhancing extracellular enzymes activities. The key findings in the current study showed that manure addition, particularly chicken manure addition, could effectively increase the enzymes activities. Moreover, the enzyme activities were closely correlated with pH and EC, providing possible ways to increase composting efficiency by providing favourable conditions for extracellular enzymes. For example, addition of plant ash and frequently dump will be conducive to the composting. Conclusions Our results provide the evidence that chicken manure is more effective than sheep manure in catalyzing the SMS composting, and optimal compost formulation is XG︰JF︰HZ︰YK︰HS︰CM = 6︰2︰1︰1︰1︰1. Recommendations and perspectives Our results highlight the importance to further study the factors affecting the enzyme activities during the SMS composting, which will contribute to the effective utilization of SMS, such as organic fertilizer production.更多还原