【摘要】 以大连市主要自然灾害为评价对象,探讨自然灾害评价机理,并在此基础上依据灾害发生可能性、作用时间和造成损失三方面建立大连市洪水灾害、地质灾害、地震灾害、气象灾害和环境污染灾害危险性评价指标体系。查阅大连1949年以来《史志》记载资料,在GIS支持下,初步创建大连市106个乡镇和公里网格单元的灾害危险性统计数据库,采用主成分—熵值权重法确定指标权重,利用GIS技术属性数据管理和空间分析功能等实现数据处理和分析,针对各类灾害因子影响的空间特点及数据来源的多途径,采用"行政单元—动态网格"交互赋值技术,在MapInfo、Vm26环境下实现了大连市单要素及各类灾害危险性定量评价,可视化展示大连各类自然灾害危险性的空间差异,并进行主要灾害因子排序,为大连市四类主体功能区的划分与减灾防治区划提供参考依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Dalian,a coastal city located in the southern Liaodong Peninsula,is prone to natural hazards.The natural hazards that Dalian suffers most are diverse,with high frequency and wide distribution.Various hazards have become a major concern in urban economic and sustainable development currently.Natural hazards risk assessment involves a number of data,which are much of spatial,non-linear and random features.GIS,as a useful tool to analyze and manage spatial information,has a huge superiority.A case study in Dalian City explored the assessment mechanism for natural hazards,and developed a method of spatial differences assessment based on GIS in this paper.The method includes 4 steps:(1) Developing natural hazards risk assessment indicators system concerning five types of hazard related to flood,geology,earthquake,meteorology and environmental pollution on the basis of probability of hazard,endangering time and loss;(2) Digitizing Dalian City and setting its 106 county units database and kilometric GRID database of natural hazards indicators,referring to Dalian history records on the basis of remote sensing data and site data,which can provide accurate and substantial data for natural hazards study of Dalian City;(3) Figuring out single element risk index and multi-elements risk composite index of natural hazards indicators by using Graham method and the principal components-entropy with the weight of indicator;(4) Classifying the composite risk zone and mapping the assessment result of natural hazards risk in grid by MapInfo of assigning method and vertical map tools,and ranking the major hazard factors.The visual and quantitative spatial differences of natural hazards risk based on GIS enable regional planners to know the zonation of hazard risk accurately in planning the principal function region.The results can provide references for hazard prevention and reduction of Dalian City.更多还原